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Physiology > BBB, Meninges, Brain Ventricles, CSF, and Blood Flow to the Brain > Flashcards

BBB, Meninges, Brain Ventricles, CSF, and Blood Flow to the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

(Sympathetic/Parasympathetic) NS controls cerebral blood flow

A

Sympathetic

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2
Q

What are the layers of the meninges?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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3
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

Pads or protects the brain

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4
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexuses

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5
Q

Where is the choroid plexus found?

A

Ventricles

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6
Q

Where does the CSF exits the subarachnoid space?

A

Arachnoid villi (one-way valve)

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7
Q

What major waste products do CSF remove?

A

CO2, lactate, and hydrogen ions

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8
Q

What is the brain weight?

A

1500g

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9
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has higher water content?

A

CSF

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10
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has higher glucose levels?

A

Plasma

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11
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has higher osmolarity?

A

Both are the same

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12
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which is more acidic?

A

CSF

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13
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has higher protein levels?

A

Plasma

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14
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has lower protein levels?

A

CSF

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15
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has lower glucose levels?

A

CSF

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16
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has lower water content?

A

Plasma

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17
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which has lower osmolarity?

A

Both are the same

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18
Q

CSF vs Plasma

Which is more basic?

A

Plasma

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19
Q

What is the production rate of CSF?

A

400-500cc / day

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20
Q

What is the ventricular / arachnoid volume?

A

100 - 150cc

21
Q

What is the turnover rate of CSF?

A

3-4 times

22
Q

What is the treatment of hydrocephalus?

A

Ventricular shunt tubing w/ one-way valves; this allows CSF to escape directly into bloodstream or peritoneal cavity

23
Q

What causes hydrocephalus?

A

Increased CSF in ventricles

24
Q

Brain has (arteries/veins)

A

arteries only

25
Q

What prevents the escape of neurotransmitters from functional sites into general circulation?

A

BBB

26
Q

(Hydrophobic/Lipophilic) drugs can cross BBB

A

Lipophilic

27
Q

Which of the following can cross BBB?

  • Water
  • Plasma
  • Non-lipid molecules
  • CO2
  • O2
  • Alcohol
  • Anesthetics
A

All of them except plasma + non-lipid molecules

28
Q

BBB consist of (tight/loose) junctions of the endothelial cells of the _______ capillaries

A

tight + cerebral

29
Q

What is the barrier between cerebral capillary blood and CSF?

A

Blood CSF Barrier (not BBB)

30
Q

Blood CSF Barrier consist of (tight/loose) junctions of the endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries and the _____ plexus epithelium

A

tight + choroid

31
Q

If a substance is not lipid soluble, what kind of carriers are used?

A

Solute carriers

32
Q

What are the types of solute carriers?

A
  1. OAT1/3
  2. SLCA2A1/Glut1
  3. SLC7A5/LAT1
33
Q

What does the OAT1/3 take up?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics, statins, + H2 receptor antagonists

34
Q

What does the SLCA2A1/Glut1 take up?

A

Glucose (transported down its concentration gradient)

35
Q

What does the SLC7A5/LAT1 take up?

A

L-DOPA + Amino Acids

36
Q

How does blood flow into the brain?

A

Pial artery, then penetrating arteriole, then capillary

37
Q

What are the some disadvantages of treating CNS diseases?

A
  1. Multiple drug resistant

2. Breast cancer resistance protein

38
Q

What efflux transporter limits entry of substances into the brain (Multiple drug resistant)?

A

P-glycoprotein

39
Q

What happens to the BBB with hypertension?

A

Opens it

40
Q

What happens to the BBB when a tumor is introduced?

A

Develops new capillaries, lacks BBB

41
Q

How could you shrink fluids of BBB?

A

IV injection of hypertonic fluids

42
Q

What area controls hormones of the body/ANS regulation?

A

Median eminence

43
Q

What area controls fluid electrolytes + water balance?

A

Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) + Subfornical organ

44
Q

What area is also known as the vomit response?

A

Area postrema

45
Q

What is the median eminence in control of?

A

Controls hormones of the body / ANS regulation

46
Q

What is the Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) in control of?

A

Fluid electrolytes + water balance

47
Q

What is the subfornical organ in control of?

A

Fluid electrolytes + water balance

48
Q

What is the Area postrema in control of?

A

Vomit response

Physiology (24 decks)

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