RBC, Anemia, and Polycythemia

Question 1

What are the components of plasma?

Answer 1

1. Albumin
2. Globulins
3. Fibrinogen

Question 2

What does Albumin do?

Answer 2

1. Osmotic pressure of plasma

2. Transports lipids, steroid hormones

Question 3

What does Globulin do?

Answer 3

1. Immune function

2. Transports ions, lipids, etc

Question 4

What does Fibrinogen do?

Answer 4

1. Clotting system

2. Can convert to insoluble fibrin

Question 5

What is the major factor contributing to blood viscosity?

Answer 5

Erythorcytes

Question 6

Does erythrocytes have mitochondria?

Answer 6

Nope

Question 7

How do erythrocytes produce ATP?

Answer 7

Anaerobic

Question 8

How long do RBCs last?

Answer 8

120 days

Question 9

What do RBC degrade to?

Answer 9

Lactate (90%) & through pentose phosphate pathway (10%)

Question 10

During the embryonic period, where does the body produce RBC?

Answer 10

Yolk sac

Question 11

During the mid-trimester gestation, where does the body produce RBC?

Answer 11

1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Lymph nodes

Question 12

During the late gestation to age 5, where does the body produce RBC?

Answer 12

Bone marrow of all bones

Question 13

During 20yr+ period, where does the body produce RBC?

Answer 13

Bone marrow of :

1. Vertebrae
2. Sternum
3. Ribs
4. Ilia

Question 14

Hemoglobin contains a protein globin with what kind of chains?

Answer 14

2 alpha + 2 beta

Question 15

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport how many oxygen atoms?

Answer 15

4

Question 16

O2 loading in lungs produces:

1. Oxyhemoglobin
2. Deoxyhemoglobin (or reduced Hb)
3. Carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 16

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 17

O2 unloading in tissues produces:

1. Carbaminohemoglobin
2. Oxyhemoglobin
3. Deoxyhemoglobin (or reduced Hb)

Answer 17

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 18

CO2 loading in tissues produces:

1. Deoxyhemoglobin (or reduced Hb)
2. Carbaminohemoglobin
3. Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 18

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 19

What engulfs dying RBCs?

Answer 19

Macrophages

Question 20

Where does dying RBCs get engulfed?

Answer 20

Spleen

Question 21

When Heme and globin are separated, what is salvaged for reuse?

Answer 21

Iron

Question 22

What happens to globin when it is separated from Heme?

Answer 22

Metabolized into AA

Question 23

Degraded pigment of bilirubin from Heme leaves the body in feces as_____

Answer 23

stercobilin

Question 24

Low levels of oxygen in blood stimulates the kidneys to produce what?

Answer 24

Erythropoietin

Question 25

What is the cause of hemorrhagic anemia?

Answer 25

Acute/chronic loss of blood

Question 26

What is the cause of hemolytic anemia?

Answer 26

RBCs rupture prematurely

Question 27

What is the cause of aplastic anemia?

Answer 27

Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

Question 28

What is the cause of pernicious anemia?

Answer 28

Deficiency of Vit. B12

Question 29

What is the cause of Thalassemias?

Answer 29

Faulty or absent globin chains

Question 30

Sickled erythrocyte result from the change of glutamate to _____ of the beta chain of hemoglobin

Answer 30

valine

Question 31

Sickled erythrocyte result from the change of ______ to valine of the beta chain of hemoglobin

Answer 31

glutamate

Question 32

What is Polycythemia?

Answer 32

Excess RBCs that increase blood viscosity

Question 33

What causes primary polycythemia?

Answer 33

Bone marrow cancer

Question 34

What causes secondary polycythemia?

Answer 34

When less O2 is available (high altitude) or when EPO production increases

Question 35

Besides primary and secondary factors, what else can cause polycythemia?

Answer 35

Blood doping