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Physiology > Digestion, Absorption, & Vomit > Flashcards

Digestion, Absorption, & Vomit Flashcards

1
Q

Amino Acid are bound by ____ linkage

A

peptide

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2
Q

Where does hydrolysis occur?

A

Digestion

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3
Q

Which rxn results in amino acids binding to each other?

A

Condensation

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4
Q

What enzyme digests proteins?

A

Pepsin

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5
Q

Where does pepsin occur at?

A

Stomach

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6
Q

Besides dietary protein, what else does pepsin digest?

A

Collagen (intercellular connective tissue in meats)

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7
Q

Where does the protease enzyme get secreted from and into?

A

From pancreas to small intestines

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8
Q

_____ and _____ split whole and partially digested proteins into peptides only

A

Trypsin + Chymotrypsin

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9
Q

Trypsin + Chymotrypsin split whole and partially digested _____ into _____ only

A

proteins into peptides

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10
Q

What splits peptides into individual amino acid?

A

Carboxypolypeptidase

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11
Q

What does carboxypolypeptidase do?

A

Splits peptides into individual amino acids

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12
Q

Most abundant fats in the diet are ________

A

triglycerides

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13
Q

Where is lingual lipase secreted?

A
  1. Tongue
  2. Stomach
  3. Pancrease
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14
Q

Bile salts form mixed micelles with the products of lipid digestion and enhancing the absorption of lipids by the _____ cells in the ileum

A

epithelial (enterocytes)

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15
Q

Bile salts form mixed micelles with the products of lipid digestion and enhancing the absorption of lipids by the epithelial (enterocytes) cells in the ________

A

ileum

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16
Q

What parts of the digestion does limited digestion of triglycerides occur?

A
  1. Tongue

2. Stomach

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17
Q

In the enterocytes, free FA are re-converted to triglycerides and packaged as _____ and absorbed by the _______

A

chylomicrons + lymphatics

18
Q

What are the transporters involved in glucose absorption?

A

Na+ coupled SGLT-1

19
Q

What are the transporters involved in galactose absorption?

A

Na+ coupled SGLT-1

20
Q

What are the transporters involved in fructose absorption?

A

Faciliated diffusion via GLUT5 transporter

21
Q

Carbohydrates are absorbed as onosaccharides at the _______ in the small intestines

A

brush border

22
Q

To absorb Vit. B12, they must bind to _________

A

intrinsic factor

23
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

24
Q

How are the fat-soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Requires bile micells for absorption and enter enterocytes by simple diffusion

25
Q

How are water-soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Carriers that are Na+ co-transporters

26
Q

Where specifically does water get absorbed?

A

Large intestines

27
Q

Absorption of water involves the ______ gradient

A

osmotic

28
Q

What is the oral hydration therapy?

A

Restores body fluid volume by ingesting fluid w/ Na+ and glucose and that uptake drives fluid absorption

29
Q

What channel absorbs calcium?

A

TRPV6 in all segments

30
Q

Which gets absorbed in greater amounts, monovalent or bivalent ions?

A

Monovalent; bivalent ions only 1/50 as great as normal absorption of monovalent

31
Q

Where are ions absorbed?

A

Intestinal mucosa

32
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Small intestine

33
Q

Where does the brown color of feces come from?

A

Derivative of bilirubin

34
Q

What part of the brain is the emetic center?

A

Medulla

35
Q

Chemo-receptor trigger zone is also known as….

A

Area postrema

36
Q

Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of wanting to vomit as a result of irritation from blood-borne emetics?

A. Inner Ear
B. Area postrema
C. Medulla
D. Answers A, B and C
E. Answers B and C
A

E. Answers B and C

37
Q

Select the correct answer. The Area postrema

A. Contains serotonergic neurons
B. Lacks the blood-brain-barrier
C. Is a circumventricular organ
D. Has fenestrated capillaries
E. Answers A-D are correct
A

E. Answers A-D are correct

38
Q

Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of wanting to vomit as a result of irritation from local irritants?

A. Stomach
B. Small intestines
C. Serotonin binding to serotonin receptors
D. Answers A, B and C
E. Answers B and C
A

D. Answers A, B and C

39
Q

Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of motion sickness?

A. Inner Ear
B. Cerebellum 
C. Medulla
D. Answers A and C
E. Answers A, B and C
A

E. Answers A, B and C

40
Q

Which of the following emetics utilizes the LAT transporter?

A) Cytotoxic drugs
B) Opioids
C) Cholinomimetics
D) L-DOPA

A

D) L-DOPA

41
Q

Chose the factors or structures that may regulate/influence the emetic response.
l) Hippocampus, ll) Amygdala, lll) Somatosensory cortex

A) l
B) ll
C) lll
D) l, ll & lll
E) ll & lll
A

D) l, ll & lll

Physiology (24 decks)

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