Digestion, Absorption, & Vomit

Question 1

Amino Acid are bound by ____ linkage

Answer 1

peptide

Question 2

Where does hydrolysis occur?

Answer 2

Digestion

Question 3

Which rxn results in amino acids binding to each other?

Answer 3

Condensation

Question 4

What enzyme digests proteins?

Answer 4

Pepsin

Question 5

Where does pepsin occur at?

Answer 5

Stomach

Question 6

Besides dietary protein, what else does pepsin digest?

Answer 6

Collagen (intercellular connective tissue in meats)

Question 7

Where does the protease enzyme get secreted from and into?

Answer 7

From pancreas to small intestines

Question 8

_____ and _____ split whole and partially digested proteins into peptides only

Answer 8

Trypsin + Chymotrypsin

Question 9

Trypsin + Chymotrypsin split whole and partially digested _____ into _____ only

Answer 9

proteins into peptides

Question 10

What splits peptides into individual amino acid?

Answer 10

Carboxypolypeptidase

Question 11

What does carboxypolypeptidase do?

Answer 11

Splits peptides into individual amino acids

Question 12

Most abundant fats in the diet are ________

Answer 12

triglycerides

Question 13

Where is lingual lipase secreted?

Answer 13

1. Tongue
2. Stomach
3. Pancrease

Question 14

Bile salts form mixed micelles with the products of lipid digestion and enhancing the absorption of lipids by the _____ cells in the ileum

Answer 14

epithelial (enterocytes)

Question 15

Bile salts form mixed micelles with the products of lipid digestion and enhancing the absorption of lipids by the epithelial (enterocytes) cells in the ________

Answer 15

ileum

Question 16

What parts of the digestion does limited digestion of triglycerides occur?

Answer 16

1. Tongue

2. Stomach

Question 17

In the enterocytes, free FA are re-converted to triglycerides and packaged as _____ and absorbed by the _______

Answer 17

chylomicrons + lymphatics

Question 18

What are the transporters involved in glucose absorption?

Answer 18

Na+ coupled SGLT-1

Question 19

What are the transporters involved in galactose absorption?

Answer 19

Na+ coupled SGLT-1

Question 20

What are the transporters involved in fructose absorption?

Answer 20

Faciliated diffusion via GLUT5 transporter

Question 21

Carbohydrates are absorbed as onosaccharides at the _______ in the small intestines

Answer 21

brush border

Question 22

To absorb Vit. B12, they must bind to _________

Answer 22

intrinsic factor

Question 23

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 23

A,D,E,K

Question 24

How are the fat-soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 24

Requires bile micells for absorption and enter enterocytes by simple diffusion

Question 25

How are water-soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 25

Carriers that are Na+ co-transporters

Question 26

Where specifically does water get absorbed?

Answer 26

Large intestines

Question 27

Absorption of water involves the ______ gradient

Answer 27

osmotic

Question 28

What is the oral hydration therapy?

Answer 28

Restores body fluid volume by ingesting fluid w/ Na+ and glucose and that uptake drives fluid absorption

Question 29

What channel absorbs calcium?

Answer 29

TRPV6 in all segments

Question 30

Which gets absorbed in greater amounts, monovalent or bivalent ions?

Answer 30

Monovalent; bivalent ions only 1/50 as great as normal absorption of monovalent

Question 31

Where are ions absorbed?

Answer 31

Intestinal mucosa

Question 32

Where is iron absorbed?

Answer 32

Small intestine

Question 33

Where does the brown color of feces come from?

Answer 33

Derivative of bilirubin

Question 34

What part of the brain is the emetic center?

Answer 34

Medulla

Question 35

Chemo-receptor trigger zone is also known as....

Answer 35

Area postrema

Question 36

Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of wanting to vomit as a result of irritation from blood-borne emetics? ``` A. Inner Ear B. Area postrema C. Medulla D. Answers A, B and C E. Answers B and C ```

Answer 36

E. Answers B and C

Question 37

Select the correct answer. The Area postrema ``` A. Contains serotonergic neurons B. Lacks the blood-brain-barrier C. Is a circumventricular organ D. Has fenestrated capillaries E. Answers A-D are correct ```

Answer 37

E. Answers A-D are correct

Question 38

Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of wanting to vomit as a result of irritation from local irritants? ``` A. Stomach B. Small intestines C. Serotonin binding to serotonin receptors D. Answers A, B and C E. Answers B and C ```

Answer 38

D. Answers A, B and C

Question 39

Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of motion sickness? ``` A. Inner Ear B. Cerebellum C. Medulla D. Answers A and C E. Answers A, B and C ```

Answer 39

E. Answers A, B and C

Question 40

Which of the following emetics utilizes the LAT transporter? A) Cytotoxic drugs B) Opioids C) Cholinomimetics D) L-DOPA

Answer 40

D) L-DOPA

Question 41

Chose the factors or structures that may regulate/influence the emetic response. l) Hippocampus, ll) Amygdala, lll) Somatosensory cortex ``` A) l B) ll C) lll D) l, ll & lll E) ll & lll ```

Answer 41

D) l, ll & lll