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Somatic System Flashcards

1
Q

C fibers terminate in lamino ____ in substantia ______ of the dorsal root then excite second order neurons of lamina ___

A

II and III

gelatinosa

V

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2
Q

Where do third order neurons transmit their information?

A

Cerebral cortex

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3
Q

Pricking, fast, or acute pain is transmitted by _____ nerve fibers

A

A delta

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4
Q

Where does the information go from the spinothalamic tract?

A

Thalamus + brain stem

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5
Q

What are the opiate-like substances found in the brain stem and spinal cord?

A

Beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin

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6
Q

(T/F) The fibers transmitting the sensations of pain decussate to opposite side in medulla

A

False; opposite side in the ventral white

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7
Q

Where do second-order neurons transmit their information?

A

thalamus

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8
Q

What receptor is similar in both cold and chemical pain?

A

Nothing is similar lol

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9
Q

Heat pain would be transmitted through which tract?

A

Spinothalamic tract and anterolateral pathway

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10
Q

Where do first order neurons transmit their information?

A

CNS

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11
Q

TRPV1, ASIC, DRASIC respond to what kind of pain?

A

Chemical

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12
Q

Anterolateral pathways have a velocity of ____ m/sec

A

40

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13
Q

Which order neurons are found in the spinal cord or mid brain?

A

Second-order

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14
Q

What receptor is similar in both heat and mechanical pain?

A

TREK-1

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15
Q

What nerve fiber is: Meissener’s corpuscle / touch

A

IA or IIA

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16
Q

(T/F) In the Dorsal-medial tract, the second order neurons decussate to opposite side in medulla

A

True

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17
Q

(Dorsal-medial pathways / Anterolateral pathway) has the highest degree of spatial and temporal orientation

A

Dorsal-medial pathway

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18
Q

Opiate-like substances of the nervous system all are breakdown products of three large protein molecules:

A

pro-opiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, + prodynorphin

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19
Q

MDEG, DRASIC, TREK-1 respond to what kind of pain?

A

Mechanical

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20
Q

What opiate-like substance is found in both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

A

Beta-endorphins

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21
Q

Which order neurons are found in the dorsal root or spinal cord ganglia?

A

First-order

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22
Q

How does the spinothalamic tract get its signal through?

A

Synapse is at the dorsal horn of spinal gray matter and crosses to the opposite side in the ventral white

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23
Q

What types of nerve fibers are involved in the analgesic system?

A

Enkephalin + serotonergic

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24
Q

Match

Fast pain
Slow pain
C fiber
A delta
Neospinothalamic
Paleospinothalmic
A

Fast pain + A delta + Neospinothalmic

Slow pain + C fiber + paleospinothalmic

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25
What nerve fiber is: Golgi tendon apparatus / sensory
IA
26
How does the spinothalamic tract info travel to the thalamus/brain stem?
Anterior + lateral white columns
27
Dorsal-medial pathways have a velocity of ____ m/sec
30 - 110
28
With the loss of somatosensory area I, you lose the ability to localize ____ but can identify _____
Discretely Crudely
29
Dorsal-medial tract + spinothalamic tract both enter the spinal cord via the _____ root
dorsal
30
TRPM8 responds to what kind of pain?
Cold
31
What tract does itches go through?
Ventrolateral spinothalamic tract
32
Fourth-order neurons are cell bodies found in the different areas of the _______ cortex
sensory
33
Prolonged pain (annoying) is likely to be _____ nerve fibers
C
34
Nervous mechanisms that collect sensory info from all over the body such as touch, pain, warm, and cold describe what senses?
Somatic
35
Slow, chronic, aching pain is transmitted through ___ fibers
C
36
What nerve fiber is: Pacinian corpuscle / pressure
IA or IIA
37
Amplitude or frequency of the action potential generation is called what?
Intensity
38
During sensory transduction, the change in membrane potential is the _____ potential or ______ potential
receptor + generator
39
Itching is caused by chemical agents such as...
histamines and bradykinin
40
Fine touch, vibration, pressure, proprioception describe what pathway
Dorsal - medial lemniscal
41
Anterolateral pathways deal w/ which of the following? 1. Pain 2. Vibration 3. Touch 4. Temperature 5. Pressure 6. Sexual
Pain, Temperature + Sexual
42
(T/F) The Spinothalamic tract and the Dorsal-medial tract are the same pathways
False, spinothalamic + anterolateral pathway are the same thing
43
How does the dorsal-medial tract get its signal through?
Carries signal via dorsal column to the medulla and synapses at the dorsal column nuclei and goes to the opposite side in the medulla
44
What receptor is similar in both chemical and mechanical pain?
DRASIC
45
Slow pain is elicited by what kind of stimuli?
Thermal, mechanical and chemcial
46
(T/F) Both the Dorsal-medial tract and the Spinothalamic tract enter the SC via the dorsal roots of spinal nerves
True
47
First-order neurons are cell bodies found in the _____ ___ or ___ _____ _____
Dorsal root + spinal cord ganglia
48
Anterolateral pathways have (large/small) + (myelinated/unmyelinated) fibers
Small + both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers
49
(T/F) The sensations of touch is transmitted via the anterolateral pathway
False; dorsal-medial
50
(T/F) With the loss of somatosensory area I, you are unable to judge pressure against body, unable to judge weight of objects, and its shape/form
True
51
What nerve fiber is: Slow / Aching pain
C
52
Which nuclei controls the body's analgesic system?
Periventricular nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and nucleus raphe
53
(T/F) The fibers transmitting the sensations of vibration decussate to opposite side in medulla
True
54
The type of energy transmitted by the stimulus is. called what?
Modality
55
Where does the information go from the dorsal-medial tract?
Thalamus
56
What is nociception?
The unconscious activity induced by a harmful stimulus applied to sense receptors
57
How does fast and slow pain differ in terms of how it is elicited?
Both are elicited by thermal and mechanical, but slow pain also has chemical
58
Dorsal-medial pathways deal w/ which of the following? 1. Pain 2. Vibration 3. Touch 4. Temperature 5. Pressure 6. Sexual
Touch, Vibration, + pressure
59
(T/F) The sensations of touch is transmitted via the Dorsal-medial pathway
True
60
Third-order neurons are cell bodies found in the _____ ___ of the _______
relay nuclei + thalamus
61
What nerve fiber is: Motor muscle spindle
A gamma
62
What anatomical areas are involved in the analgesic system?
Hypothalamus, Pons, Medulla, + Spinal Cord
63
Second-order neurons are cell bodies found in the ____ ____ or ___ ______
spinal cord + mid brain
64
Which pathway controls pain, temperature, and sexual sensation?
Anterolateral
65
What receptor is similar in both heat and chemical pain?
TRPV1
66
A delta fibers terminate in lamina ___ of the dorsal root and excite second order neurons of the ________ ____
I neospinothalamic tract
67
Which pathway controls vibration, touch, and pressure?
Dorsal-medial pathway
68
(Dorsal-medial pathways / Anterolateral pathway) has less spatial oreintation
Anterolateral pathway
69
Fast pain is elicited by what kind of stimuli?
Mechanical + thermal
70
What nerve fiber is: Fast or pricking pain
A delta
71
Dorsal-medial pathways have (large/small) + (myelinated/unmyelinated) fibers
Large + myelinated
72
What are the 5 special senses?
1. Vision 2. Hearing 3. Smell 4. Taste 5. Equilibrium
73
Fast pain (hand on hot stove or heat pain) are categorized as ____ nerve fibers
A delta
74
TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV 3, and TREK-1 respond to what kind of pain?
Heat
75
Which order neurons are found in the different areas of the sensory cortex?
Fourth-order
76
How does the dorsal-medial tract info travel to the thalamus?
Via the medial lemniscus
77
Which order neurons are found in the in the relay nuclei of the thalamus?
Third-order
78
The convergence-projection hypothesis of referred pain translates to the convergence of both _____ and ____ pain fibers on the same second-order neurons
visceral + somatic
79
How can we reduce pain?
1. Remove pain stimulus 2. Block conduction in peripheral nerve (local anesthetics) 3. Block synaptic transmission in CNS ( general anesthesia) 4. Activate body's own pain control system aka analgesic system
80
(T/F) The sensations of pain is transmitted via the Dorsal-medial pathway
False; anterolateral

Physiology (24 decks)

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