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Physiology > Somatic System > Flashcards

Somatic System Flashcards

1
Q

C fibers terminate in lamino ____ in substantia ______ of the dorsal root then excite second order neurons of lamina ___

A

II and III

gelatinosa

V

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2
Q

Where do third order neurons transmit their information?

A

Cerebral cortex

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3
Q

Pricking, fast, or acute pain is transmitted by _____ nerve fibers

A

A delta

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4
Q

Where does the information go from the spinothalamic tract?

A

Thalamus + brain stem

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5
Q

What are the opiate-like substances found in the brain stem and spinal cord?

A

Beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin

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6
Q

(T/F) The fibers transmitting the sensations of pain decussate to opposite side in medulla

A

False; opposite side in the ventral white

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7
Q

Where do second-order neurons transmit their information?

A

thalamus

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8
Q

What receptor is similar in both cold and chemical pain?

A

Nothing is similar lol

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9
Q

Heat pain would be transmitted through which tract?

A

Spinothalamic tract and anterolateral pathway

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10
Q

Where do first order neurons transmit their information?

A

CNS

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11
Q

TRPV1, ASIC, DRASIC respond to what kind of pain?

A

Chemical

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12
Q

Anterolateral pathways have a velocity of ____ m/sec

A

40

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13
Q

Which order neurons are found in the spinal cord or mid brain?

A

Second-order

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14
Q

What receptor is similar in both heat and mechanical pain?

A

TREK-1

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15
Q

What nerve fiber is: Meissener’s corpuscle / touch

A

IA or IIA

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16
Q

(T/F) In the Dorsal-medial tract, the second order neurons decussate to opposite side in medulla

A

True

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17
Q

(Dorsal-medial pathways / Anterolateral pathway) has the highest degree of spatial and temporal orientation

A

Dorsal-medial pathway

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18
Q

Opiate-like substances of the nervous system all are breakdown products of three large protein molecules:

A

pro-opiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, + prodynorphin

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19
Q

MDEG, DRASIC, TREK-1 respond to what kind of pain?

A

Mechanical

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20
Q

What opiate-like substance is found in both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

A

Beta-endorphins

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21
Q

Which order neurons are found in the dorsal root or spinal cord ganglia?

A

First-order

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22
Q

How does the spinothalamic tract get its signal through?

A

Synapse is at the dorsal horn of spinal gray matter and crosses to the opposite side in the ventral white

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23
Q

What types of nerve fibers are involved in the analgesic system?

A

Enkephalin + serotonergic

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24
Q

Match

Fast pain
Slow pain
C fiber
A delta
Neospinothalamic
Paleospinothalmic
A

Fast pain + A delta + Neospinothalmic

Slow pain + C fiber + paleospinothalmic

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25
Q

What nerve fiber is: Golgi tendon apparatus / sensory

A

IA

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26
Q

How does the spinothalamic tract info travel to the thalamus/brain stem?

A

Anterior + lateral white columns

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27
Q

Dorsal-medial pathways have a velocity of ____ m/sec

A

30 - 110

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28
Q

With the loss of somatosensory area I, you lose the ability to localize ____ but can identify _____

A

Discretely

Crudely

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29
Q

Dorsal-medial tract + spinothalamic tract both enter the spinal cord via the _____ root

A

dorsal

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30
Q

TRPM8 responds to what kind of pain?

A

Cold

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31
Q

What tract does itches go through?

A

Ventrolateral spinothalamic tract

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32
Q

Fourth-order neurons are cell bodies found in the different areas of the _______ cortex

A

sensory

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33
Q

Prolonged pain (annoying) is likely to be _____ nerve fibers

A

C

34
Q

Nervous mechanisms that collect sensory info from all over the body such as touch, pain, warm, and cold describe what senses?

A

Somatic

35
Q

Slow, chronic, aching pain is transmitted through ___ fibers

A

C

36
Q

What nerve fiber is: Pacinian corpuscle / pressure

A

IA or IIA

37
Q

Amplitude or frequency of the action potential generation is called what?

A

Intensity

38
Q

During sensory transduction, the change in membrane potential is the _____ potential or ______ potential

A

receptor + generator

39
Q

Itching is caused by chemical agents such as…

A

histamines and bradykinin

40
Q

Fine touch, vibration, pressure, proprioception describe what pathway

A

Dorsal - medial lemniscal

41
Q

Anterolateral pathways deal w/ which of the following?

  1. Pain
  2. Vibration
  3. Touch
  4. Temperature
  5. Pressure
  6. Sexual
A

Pain, Temperature + Sexual

42
Q

(T/F) The Spinothalamic tract and the Dorsal-medial tract are the same pathways

A

False, spinothalamic + anterolateral pathway are the same thing

43
Q

How does the dorsal-medial tract get its signal through?

A

Carries signal via dorsal column to the medulla and synapses at the dorsal column nuclei and goes to the opposite side in the medulla

44
Q

What receptor is similar in both chemical and mechanical pain?

A

DRASIC

45
Q

Slow pain is elicited by what kind of stimuli?

A

Thermal, mechanical and chemcial

46
Q

(T/F) Both the Dorsal-medial tract and the Spinothalamic tract enter the SC via the dorsal roots of spinal nerves

A

True

47
Q

First-order neurons are cell bodies found in the _____ ___ or ___ _____ _____

A

Dorsal root + spinal cord ganglia

48
Q

Anterolateral pathways have (large/small) + (myelinated/unmyelinated) fibers

A

Small + both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers

49
Q

(T/F) The sensations of touch is transmitted via the anterolateral pathway

A

False; dorsal-medial

50
Q

(T/F) With the loss of somatosensory area I, you are unable to judge pressure against body, unable to judge weight of objects, and its shape/form

A

True

51
Q

What nerve fiber is: Slow / Aching pain

A

C

52
Q

Which nuclei controls the body’s analgesic system?

A

Periventricular nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and nucleus raphe

53
Q

(T/F) The fibers transmitting the sensations of vibration decussate to opposite side in medulla

A

True

54
Q

The type of energy transmitted by the stimulus is. called what?

A

Modality

55
Q

Where does the information go from the dorsal-medial tract?

A

Thalamus

56
Q

What is nociception?

A

The unconscious activity induced by a harmful stimulus applied to sense receptors

57
Q

How does fast and slow pain differ in terms of how it is elicited?

A

Both are elicited by thermal and mechanical, but slow pain also has chemical

58
Q

Dorsal-medial pathways deal w/ which of the following?

  1. Pain
  2. Vibration
  3. Touch
  4. Temperature
  5. Pressure
  6. Sexual
A

Touch, Vibration, + pressure

59
Q

(T/F) The sensations of touch is transmitted via the Dorsal-medial pathway

A

True

60
Q

Third-order neurons are cell bodies found in the _____ ___ of the _______

A

relay nuclei + thalamus

61
Q

What nerve fiber is: Motor muscle spindle

A

A gamma

62
Q

What anatomical areas are involved in the analgesic system?

A

Hypothalamus, Pons, Medulla, + Spinal Cord

63
Q

Second-order neurons are cell bodies found in the ____ ____ or ___ ______

A

spinal cord + mid brain

64
Q

Which pathway controls pain, temperature, and sexual sensation?

A

Anterolateral

65
Q

What receptor is similar in both heat and chemical pain?

A

TRPV1

66
Q

A delta fibers terminate in lamina ___ of the dorsal root and excite second order neurons of the ________ ____

A

I

neospinothalamic tract

67
Q

Which pathway controls vibration, touch, and pressure?

A

Dorsal-medial pathway

68
Q

(Dorsal-medial pathways / Anterolateral pathway) has less spatial oreintation

A

Anterolateral pathway

69
Q

Fast pain is elicited by what kind of stimuli?

A

Mechanical + thermal

70
Q

What nerve fiber is: Fast or pricking pain

A

A delta

71
Q

Dorsal-medial pathways have (large/small) + (myelinated/unmyelinated) fibers

A

Large + myelinated

72
Q

What are the 5 special senses?

A
  1. Vision
  2. Hearing
  3. Smell
  4. Taste
  5. Equilibrium
73
Q

Fast pain (hand on hot stove or heat pain) are categorized as ____ nerve fibers

A

A delta

74
Q

TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV 3, and TREK-1 respond to what kind of pain?

A

Heat

75
Q

Which order neurons are found in the different areas of the sensory cortex?

A

Fourth-order

76
Q

How does the dorsal-medial tract info travel to the thalamus?

A

Via the medial lemniscus

77
Q

Which order neurons are found in the in the relay nuclei of the thalamus?

A

Third-order

78
Q

The convergence-projection hypothesis of referred pain translates to the convergence of both _____ and ____ pain fibers on the same second-order neurons

A

visceral + somatic

79
Q

How can we reduce pain?

A
  1. Remove pain stimulus
  2. Block conduction in peripheral nerve (local anesthetics)
  3. Block synaptic transmission in CNS ( general anesthesia)
  4. Activate body’s own pain control system aka analgesic system
80
Q

(T/F) The sensations of pain is transmitted via the Dorsal-medial pathway

A

False; anterolateral

Physiology (24 decks)

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