Learning, Memory, Behavior

Question 1

Where is Broca’s area found?

Answer 1

Prefontal and motor cortex

Question 2

What area is a major output route of the limbic system for emotion?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Beside language comprehension, Wernicke’s area gets info from where else?

Answer 3

Somatic, visual, and auditory

Question 4

Broca’s area is _______

Answer 4

Word formation

Question 5

The thought of pain probably depends almost entire on _____ centers such as hypothalamus, amygadala, and mesencephalon

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT associated w/ decreased potassium conductance in the presynaptic terminal?

A. Prolonged AP at synaptic terminal
B. Prolonged activation of Ca2+ channels at presynaptic terminal
C. Decreased neurotransmitter release at synapse
D. Increase excitability at sensory terminal

Answer 6

Decreased neurotransmitter release at synapse

Question 7

(T/F)

Structural changes occur in synapses during development of long term memory

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Word formation is also known as _____ area

Answer 8

Broca’s

Question 9

Language comprehension is also known as _____ area

Answer 9

Wernicke’s

Question 10

Skill memory is frequently associated w/ ____ activities

Answer 10

motor

Question 11

Stimulation of cortex causes ____ pain

Answer 11

mild

Question 12

Skilled motor patterns for control of larynx, lips, mouth, etc are initiated from where?

Answer 12

Broca’s area

Question 13

(T/F)

In the process of habituation, no lasting memories are formed

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is declarative memory?

Answer 14

Explicit thoughts; smells + situations + visual + sound = experience

Question 15

Where is the Wernicke’s Area found?

Answer 15

Parieto-occiptio-temporal association area (area of confluence)

Question 16

Match stimulus with receptor

A. Fine touch
B. Vibration
C. Pressure
D. Temperature
E. Muscle length 

________Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 16

Pressure mostly, can be vibration

Question 17

How can intermediate long term memory become simply long term memory?

Answer 17

Through consolidation; achieved by rehearsal of info

Question 18

Wernicke’s area is ______

Answer 18

language comprehension

Question 19

Repeated synaptic stimulation can result in persistent change in the sensitivity of a neuron which usually involves an increased excitability called ______

Answer 19

long-term potentiation (establishing memory trace)

Question 20

Match stimulus with receptor

A. Fine touch
B. Vibration
C. Pressure
D. Temperature
E. Muscle length 

_______Muscle Spindle

Answer 20

Muscle Length

Question 21

Amygdala is associated w/ what?

Answer 21

Strong emotions such as fear and aggression; links emotions w/ memory

Question 22

Long-term memory involves structural + chemical changes at the synapse that includes genes and protein expression called:

Answer 22

synaptic plasticity

Question 23

Lesions in Wernicke’s area cause what?

Answer 23

Cannot understand spoken/written word

Question 24

What transfers thoughts, memories, training, etc between the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 24

Corpus callosum

Question 25

The muscular movement of what is responsible for sound?

Answer 25

Mouth, tongue, larynx and vocal cord

Question 26

Where is the Wernicke's area highly developed in?

Answer 26

Dominant side of the brain (right-handed ppl had dominant left side of brain)

Question 27

Habituation is caused by ______ of _____ channels in the presynaptic terminal

Answer 27

closure of calcium

Question 28

What is aphasia?

Answer 28

Inability to comprehend or use words

Question 29

A type of thought pattern that does require large involvement of the cerebral cortex is that of _____

Answer 29

vision

Question 30

Habituation is also known as _____ memory (no memory)

Answer 30

negative

Question 31

Pain can be reduced by: ``` A. Removal from painful stimulus B. Block impulse conduction in peripheral nerve C. Block synaptic transmission in CNS D. Activate body's analgesic system E. All of the above ```

Answer 31

All of the above

Question 32

Prefrontal association area functions in close w/ _____ cortex

Answer 32

motor

Question 33

Severing the Prefrontal area could lead to..?

Answer 33

1. Deep thinking issues 2. Cant solve complex problems 3. Had mood swings under unpredictable situations 4. Couldnt control behavior in different areas (acted the same as if there were in school vs party)

Question 34

Areas responsible for forming the memory is the _______

Answer 34

hippocampus

Question 35

Long-term memory is the result of ____ of cAMP, ______ of adenylate cyclase, and _____ in potassium conductance

Answer 35

Activation Activation Decrease

Question 36

Lesions in Broca's area causes what?

Answer 36

Cannot speak/write, but understand language

Question 37

The neurotransmitter released by the facilitator terminal at the synapse w/ the sensory terminal is? A. Acetylcholine B. Serotonin C. Dopamine

Answer 37

Serotonin

Question 38

The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory is called:

Answer 38

memory consolidation

Question 39

What are the two aspects to communication?

Answer 39

Sensory (language input) + Motor (language output)

Question 40

(T/F) The memory system identified in the snail consists of the sensory terminal and the facilitator terminal

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Lesions in Broca's area causes ____ aphasia

Answer 41

motor

Question 42

Match stimulus with receptor ``` A. Fine touch B. Vibration C. Pressure D. Temperature E. Muscle length ``` ________TRPM8

Answer 42

Temperature

Question 43

What is sensitization?

Answer 43

Prolonged occurrence of noxious/pleasant stimulus + sensory stimuli

Question 44

Where is the Cingulate cortex found?

Answer 44

Connected to prefrontal cortex and association area

Question 45

Lesions in Wernicke's area causes _____ aphasia

Answer 45

sensory

Question 46

Storage of memory is at ____

Answer 46

Memory Engram