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Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the PNS system break down to?

A

SNS + ANS

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2
Q

What does the SNS system break down to?

A

It doesn’t

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3
Q

What does the ANS system break down to?

A

Sympathetic + Parasympathetic + ENS

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4
Q

What does the ANS innervate and regulate?

A

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

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5
Q

The somatic NS has #__ neuron(s)

A

1

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6
Q

The autonomic NS has #__ neuron(s)

A

2

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7
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which projects directly to effector organ?

A

Somatic

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8
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which links CNS to skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic

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9
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which has a large diameter and conducts rapidly?

A

Somatic

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10
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which has motor neurons?

A

Autonomic

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11
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which has alpha motor neurons?

A

Somatic

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12
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which projects from CNS to visceral organs?

A

Autonomic

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13
Q

Somatic vs Autonomic

Which contains preganglionic and postganglionic fibers?

A

Autonomic

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14
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems usually have _____ effects on visceral targets

A

opposite

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15
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems usually have opposite effects on ______ targets

A

visceral

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16
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the _________________

A

lateral horn of the spinal cord

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17
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate from segments ____ - ____

A

T1 + L3

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18
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord via the ____ ___

A

ventral root

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19
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse between neurons made in the autonomic ganglia located where?

A

Paravertebral chain

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20
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons located in the paravertebral chain are made where?

A

autonomic ganglia

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21
Q

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate from?

A

Nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X + spinal cord segments S2-S4

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22
Q

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?

A

Between neurons that are made in autonomic ganglia

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23
Q

Where is the parasympathetic ganglia located?

A

In or near effector organ

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24
Q

Where do both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia synapse?

A

Autonomic ganglia

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25
Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?
Autonomic ganglia
26
Where do both sympathetic/parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies?
Autonomic ganglia
27
The adrenal medulla is regarded as a modified ______ _____ neurons
postganglionic sympathetic
28
Preganglionic fibers synapse directly on _____ cells in the adrenal medulla
chromaffin
29
_____ is/are the receptor(s) in the ganglia at eh parasympathetic postganglionic neuron, sympathetic postganglionic neuron, at the adrenal medulla, and at eh neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic receptor, Nm, and Nn
30
Preganglionic fibers synapse directly on chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and secrete _____
ACh
31
The chromaffin cells secrete _____ and _____
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (4:1)
32
Norepinephrine and epinephrine is released by adrenergic neurons that are _____ ______ neurons
sympathetic postganglionic
33
Acetylcholine is released by cholinergic neurons that are: A. Sympathetic preganglionic B. Parasympathetic postganglionic C. Sympathetic postganglionic D. Parasympathetic preganglionic
A, B, + D
34
What are the main neurotransmitters of the ANS?
1. Substance p 2. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) 3. Nitric Oxidie (NO)
35
What are the subtypes of adrenergic receptors?
A1 + A2 + B1 + B2
36
Epinephrine is more likely to bind to ___ receptors
beta
37
Norepinephrine is more likely to bind to _____ receptors
alpha + beta
38
What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons release?
Norepinephrine
39
What do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release?
Acetylcholine
40
What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release?
Acetylcholine
41
What do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release?
Acetylcholine
42
Cholinergic receptors are nicotinic receptors that are located where?
Sympathetic + parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
43
Which receptors constrict blood vessels in the skin?
A1
44
Maintains body heat by constricting blood vesels A1 A2 B1 B2
A1
45
Constricts bladder + GI sphincters A1 A2 B1 B2
A1
46
Contracts radial muscles of iris, which dilates pupils A1 A2 B1 B2
A1
47
Found in the wall of the GI tract A1 A2 B1 B2
A2
48
Inhibits GI secretion + reduced GI motility A1 A2 B1 B2
A2
49
Mechanism involves Gi activation A1 A2 B1 B2
A2
50
Mechanism involves Gq activation
A1
51
Found in the SA + AV nodes ventricular muscles of the heart A1 A2 B1 B2
B1
52
Increases HR, AV conduction velocity and increase contraction A1 A2 B1 B2
B1
53
Mechanism involves Gs activation A1 A2 B1 B2
B1
54
Found in the vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
55
Found in the vascular smooth muscles of the skin A1 A2 B1 B2
A1
56
Found in the GI tract, bladder and spincters A1 A2 B1 B2
A1
57
Found in the bronchial smooth muscles A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
58
Found in the wall of the GI tract and bladder A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
59
Which dilates vascular smooth muscle? A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
60
Which dilates bronchioles? A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
61
Which decreases GI secretion? A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
62
Which relaxes bladder wall?
B2
63
Mechanism involves activation of Gs A1 A2 B1 B2
B2
64
Activating Gq does what?
Stimulates PLC, increases IP3 and intracellular calcium
65
Activating Gi does what?
Inhibits adenylate cyclase + decreases cAMP
66
Activating Gs does what?
Stimulates adenylate cyclase + increases cAMP
67
A1 receptors involve what G protein?
Gq
68
A2 receptors involve what G protein?
Gi
69
B1 receptors involve what G protein?
Gs
70
B2 receptors involve what G protein?
Gs
71
Nicotinic receptors are found where?
Autonomic ganglia (Nn) of parasympathetic + sympathetic NS, neuromuscular junction (Nm) and the adrenal medulla
72
What is the antagonist to nicotinic receptors?
Hexamethonium (at autonomic ganglia)
73
How does hexamethonium work?
Binds to alpha subunit of nicotinic ACh receptors
74
What are the agonist to nicotinic receptors?
Nicotine or ACh
75
What are the agonist to muscarinic receptors?
Muscarine or ACh
76
What is an antagonist to muscarinic receptors?
Atropine
77
Where are muscarinic receptors found?
Heart (M2), Smooth muscles (M3), and glands (M3)
78
What happens if ACh is bound to a muscarinic receptor?
Agonist; inhibitory in the heart + excitatory in smooth muscles/glands
79
What is the mechanism behind muscarinic receptors?
In the SA node, agonists bind and activate Gi, which opens K+ channels, slows rate of depolarization and decreased HR In smooth muscles/glands, activates Gq
80
A1 _____ blood vessels
constricts
81
A1 ______ bladder
constricts
82
A1 ______ radial muscles
contracts
83
A1 _______ pupils
dilates
84
A2 _____ GI secretion + motility
inhibits/reduces
85
B1 _____ heart rate
increases
86
B1 is found on the (atrial/ventricular) muscles of heart
ventricular
87
B2 _____ vascular smooth muscles
dilate

Physiology (24 decks)

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