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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does G_aq do?

A

Activates PLC and regulates inositol phosphate system and releases internal calcium storage

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2
Q

Which have faster conduction, sensory or motor function?

A

Sensory

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3
Q

sWhat are the two components of a receptor?

A
  1. Binding 2. Ionophore
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4
Q

Who makes myelin in PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

What is the neurotransmitter used in chemical synapse?

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

What are the somatic nerves in charge of?

A

Promote skeletal muscle activity

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7
Q

Where do neurons send their signal through?

A

Axons

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8
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by depressing conduction of ions through ____ or ____ channels

A

chloride + potassium

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9
Q

Alkalosis/Acidosis

Greatly increases neuronal excitability

A

Alkalosis

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10
Q

When cation channels open, the channel is lined with ____ charges and repels _____

A

negative + chloride / other anions

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11
Q

What kind of synapse is used mostly in CNS?

A

Chemical synapse

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12
Q

Small molecule neurotransmitters are synthesized where?

A

Cytosol of the presynaptic terminal

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13
Q

Glial cells undergo ____ ______ in adulthood and can _______ after brain injury

A

Cell division Proliferate

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14
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A

Memory storage

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15
Q

Alkalosis depresses/increases neuronal excitablitiy

A

stimulates

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16
Q

Cation channels open ____, ____, and/or _____ ions

A

sodium, potassium, calcium

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17
Q

What are some possible treatments for MS?

A
  1. Reduce inflammation (corticosteroids, prednisone) 2. Suppress immune response (interferons bind to receptors and activate other proteins + B cell depleting therapy w/ anti-CD20 antibody) 3. Monoclonal antibody targeted to alpha 4 beta 1 integrin
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18
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by increasing _____ conductance

A

chloride

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19
Q

Neuropeptide neurotransmitters are ____ acting, but _____ lasting

A

slow + long

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20
Q

At the synapse, impulses ______ transmission, changed from _____ to ______ impulses, and integrated with impulses from other neurons

A

blocked single to repetitive

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21
Q

Alkalosis/acidosis depresses neuronal activity

A

acidosis

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22
Q

GPCR encode roughly ___% of the human genome

A

4

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23
Q

Alkalosis/acidosis

Loss of Cl- because of vomiting

A

Alkalosis

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24
Q

The Cerebral hemispheres belong to which branch of the nervous system? A. PNS B. ENS C. CNS D. ANS E. SNS

A

C. CNS

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25
Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by _____ chloride conductance
increasing
26
Small molecule neurotransmitters are _____ acting
rapidly
27
Who produces neurotropic substances and is involved in BBB?
Astrocytes
28
Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by increase of conductance of potassium ions ____ of neuron
out
29
What does G\_a12/13 do?
Activates Rho family GTPase signaling
30
Which are smaller, myelinated or unmyelinated?
Unmyelinated
31
What is the cerebellum in charge of?
Balance
32
Excitatory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by opening _____ channels
sodium
33
Alkalosis/Acidosis Greatly depresses neuronal activity
Acidosis
34
What is the microglia in charge of?
Scavenger cell (macrophage in CNS)
35
Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by increase in conductance of _______ ions out of neurons
potassium
36
Presynaptic membrane contains \_\_\_\_\_\_-gated calcium channels
voltage
37
Neuropeptide neurotransmitters are synthesized where?
By ribosomes in neuronal cell body as parts of large-protein molecules
38
Alkalosis/acidosis SOB, confusion, sleepy
Acidosis
39
What are the two kinds of postsynaptic neuronal membranes?
Cation and anion
40
Which have faster conduction, myelinated or unmyelinated?
Myelinated
41
What is the basal ganglia in charge of?
Regulates movement
42
Alkalosis/acidosis Over-breathing decreases CO2 and increased bicarbonate
Alkalosis
43
MS is known as a _______ disease
demyelinating
44
Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by _______ in conductance of potassium ions out of neuron
increase
45
AP depolarizes presynaptic membrane which open ____ channels and flows into the \_\_\_\_\_\_
calcium terminal
46
What does caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine do to neurons?
Reduces threshold for excitation of neurons
47
Who makes myelin in CNS?
Oligodendrocyte
48
Which part of the cerebral hemispheres regulate movement?
Basal ganglia
49
What does the ANS break down to?
Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and ENS
50
Of the two types of glial cells, which are scavenger cells (macrophages in CNS)?
Microglia
51
Which part of the cerebral hemisphere involves memory storage?
Hippocampus
52
\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells communicate within the CNS in partnership with neurons
Glial
53
Which part of the cerebral hemispheres involves autonomic and endocrine responses of emotional states?
Amygdaloid nuclei
54
When cation channels open, charged _____ ions enter ______ neuron and ____ the neuron
sodium + postsynaptic + excite
55
What is in the diencephalon?
Hypothalamus + thalamus
56
Excitatory neurotransmitters achieve their action by changing internal metabolism of neurons by ______ excitatory receptors and ______ inhibitory receptors
increase decrease
57
What is the amygdaloid nuclei in charge of?
Autonomic and endocrine responses of emotional states
58
Nearly \_\_\_% of drugs target GPCRs
50
59
What does G\_as do?
Stimulates adenylyl cyclase and opens calcium channels which increase cAMP
60
What does G\_ai do?
Opens potassium channels and inhibits calcium channels and adenylyl cyclase
61
Which are smaller, motor or sensory?
Motor (generally)
62
Presynaptic membrane contains voltage-gated ______ channels
calcium
63
What are the two major types of glial cells?
Microglia + Macroglia
64
What is in the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
65
What does the PNS break down to?
SNS + ANS
66
How is information transmitted from one neuron to another?
Action potential (nerve impulses)
67
What two neurotransmitters cause anion channels to open?
GABA and glycine

Physiology (24 decks)

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