Biology Endocrine, Reproductive, Immune Review Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the function of the pancreas? Where is it located?
The pancreas secretes enzymes that help with the breakdown of food. Insulin and glucagon also are produced in the pancreas. These enzymes help keep the level of glucose stable in the blood. Insulin lowers blood sugar and glucagon raise blood sugar. The pancreas it located near the kidneys in the abdomen.
What makes up the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is made up of glands that release their secretions into the bloodstream. These products deliver messages throughout the body.
Study deck called Major Endocrine Glands…
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What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands release their secretions through tube like structures called ducts, directly to the organs that use them.
Endocrine glands release their secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.
What is the difference between steroid and non-steroid hormones?
Steroid hormones are lipids and therefore can pass through the cell membrane of their target call easily. Since they can do this they can enter the cytoplasm and even into the nuclei of the target cell.
Non-steroid hormones generally cannot pass through the cell membranes of their target cells. They need to bind to receptors on the outside of the cell which sends a secondary messenger, which will cause a reaction on the inside of the cell.
What is a thermostat a good example of?
A mechanical feedback loop
What is puberty?
A period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional
What are gametes
Sex cells involved in reproduction that contain half of the DNA, diploid.
What is the major function of the male reproductive system?
To produce and deliver sperm.
What is the major function of the female reproductive system?
To produce eggs. Also to carry and take care of a developing embryo.
How long does the menstrual cycle usually last?
28 days
Where does fertilization occur?
The Fallopian tubes
What is fertilization?
When sperm and egg cell(s) join to create a new cell.
Describe the placenta.
The placenta is an organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between mother and baby through diffusion. Blood is NOT exchanged.
What are diseases caused by?
Agents/Antigens
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Pathogens
Describe the inflammatory response.
When pathogens manage to enter the body, the second line of defense is activated, the inflammatory response. This is a non-specific defense reaction. The immune system produces millions of white blood cells to fight off the infection.
What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
Passive immunity is short term immunity caused when antibodies are injected into the body. (e.g. Vaccine)
Active immunity is immunity produced by exposure to an antigen, which causes an immune response.
What is an immune response triggered by?
Antigens
What makes up the non specific defense against pathogens?
Skin, mucus, saliva, tears, cilia, and stomach acid.
