Genetic Engineering and The Human Genome Flashcards
(18 cards)
Hybridization
Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms. Ex. Tall plant bred with a fast growing plant results in a tall fast growing plant.
Selective breeding
Method of breeding that allowed only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics in a line of organisms.
Genetic engineering
Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms.
Restriction enzymes
Enzymes that cut DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides.
Gel electrophoresis
Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture if DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel.
Recombinant DNA
DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Technique that allows biologists to make many copies of a particular gene.
Plasmid
Small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria.
Genetic Marker
Genes that make it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don’t.
Transgenic
Term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from another organism.
Clone
Member of a population of genetically identical cells produced by a single cell.
Sex chromosome
One of the two chromosomes that determine an individuals sex.
Autosome
Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Pedigree
Chart that shows a relationship within a family
Sex-linked genes
Genes located on the x or y chromosome
Nondisjunction
Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.
Gene therapy
An absent or faulty gene that is replaced by a normal working gene.
