US History Final Exam Study Guide

Question 0

Conservatives

Answer 0

A person who holds traditional values and attitudes. They are cautious about change or innovation.

Question 1

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 1

He was an industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the steel industry in America during the 19th century.

Question 2

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 2

President of the United States. While he was in office he expanded social security and fought for civil rights.

Question 3

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Answer 3

US president who led the people of America through the Great Depression. He came up with the New Deal which consisted of relief, recover, and reform programs for the United States.

Question 4

Harry S. Truman

Answer 4

US president. He gave the signal to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. He successfully ended Americas involvement in WWII, and was president during the start of the Cold War.

Question 5

Hawks and Doves

Answer 5

A hawk is a person who favors war. A dove is person who wants peace and no involvement in war.

Question 6

Herbert Hoover

Answer 6

US president. He was president when the stock market crashed and we entered the great depression. He tried to create jobs by having the government fund jobs, such as the building of the Hoover Dam.he is generally ranked lower than average among the presidents.

Question 7

Jacob Riis

Answer 7

A photographer who took pictures of slums and people in poverty. He brought light to the issue of poverty and people living in dirty areas with littler drinking water and unsanitary lifestyles.

Question 8

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 8

He founded the Standard Oil Company. He basically owned the oil industry in the United States. He owned all the aspects for making oil (refineries, mines, etc.) and sold the oil and made lots of money. He was one of the richest men in history.

Question 9

Liberals

Answer 9

Favored progress and reform. They believe government should be active in supporting social and political change.

Question 10

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 10

A civil rights activists. He believed in non-violence civil disobedience. He gave the “I have a dream…” speech. He was assassinated.

Question 11

Muckrakers

Answer 11

A journalist who believes in reform and publishes work exposing social and political corruption.

Question 12

North American Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 12

An intergovernmental military alliance between countries who agree to mutual defense in response to an outside country attack.

Question 13

Political Machines

Answer 13

A party headed by a boss or group that commands enough votes to maintain political control of a city, country, or state.

Question 14

Progressives

Answer 14

People who believe that we must continue to grow and progress in science, technology, the economy, and socially.

Question 15

Radical Republicans

Answer 15

Radicals opposed slavery, distrusted ex-confederates, and demanded harsh punishments for rebels (southerners). They also emphasized civil rights and voting rights. They were a party during 1854-1877

Question 16

Reformers

Answer 16

A person who wants to reform politically or socially.

Question 17

Rosa Parks

Answer 17

A civil rights activists who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. She was arrested and inspired other blacks to start the bus boycotts in Alabama.

Question 18

Samuel Slater

Answer 18

He brought British textile technology to America. He started the industrial revolution in America.

Question 19

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 19

A senator who believed that the US government, military, movie industry, music industry, and many other industries were filled with communists. He questioned pele about their believes and violated many peoples’ rights. He never prove anyone of being communist and ruined peoples’ lives. He was finally arrested when people started to stand up against him.

Question 20

Teddy Roosevelt

Answer 20

US president. He implemented the Square Deal which promised citizens the breaking up of huge corporations, lower railroad rates, and guaranteed pure food and drugs.

Question 21

Upton Sinclair

Answer 21

A muckraker who published over 100 books.

Question 22

William “Boss Tweed”

Answer 22

An American politician notable for being the boss of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party Political Machine.

Question 23

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 23

US president. He was a leader of the progressive movement . He implemented the New Deal. He helped the united states stay out of WWI in the beginning.

Question 24

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Answer 24

A fail military invasion of Cuba by the US. The US wanted to overthrow Cuba's ruler Fidel Castro who was communist.

Question 25

Berlin Aircraft

Answer 25

An operation by Britain and America to send aircrafts to airlift food supplies to Berlin in 1948-1949, while Russian forces blockaded the city to isolate it from the West side of Berlin.

Question 26

Black Tuesday

Answer 26

The day the stock market crashed in 1929. This crash was the beginning of the great depression.

Question 27

Brown vs. Board of Education

Answer 27

This case ended segregation in public schools. The case stated that separate is not equal. This went against the Plessy vs. Furgeson case which stated separate was equal.

Question 28

Cold War

Answer 28

This was a non-violent war against the Soviet Union and the US. During the Cold War was the nuclear arms race and the combat against communism.

Question 29

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 29

This was a crisis when the Soviet Union has missile bases in Cuba that could fire in a range within the United States. The United States took pictures from aircrafts as proof and asked the Soviet Union to remove the missiles from Cuba.

Question 30

D-Day Invasion

Answer 30

The invasion of western Europe by the allies. This was a victory for the allies.

Question 31

The Great Depression

Answer 31

The time after the stock market crash when the country was in a recession.

Question 32

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 32

A cultural movement in the 1920s for African-Americans.

Question 33

Korean War

Answer 33

A war between the South Korea, which was supported by the US, and North Korea, which was communist. For America this was a war against communism.

Question 34

League of Nations

Answer 34

A organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended WWI.

Question 35

Marshall Plan

Answer 35

A plan by the United States to give money to countries who were suffering economically. This made them less likely to convert to communism if they were economically stable.

Question 36

Montgomery Boy Buscott

Answer 36

The boycott of the buses in Montgomery in retaliation against Rosa Parks being arrested and the unfair treatment of blacks.

Question 37

The New Deal

Answer 37

Proposed by Roosevelt during the Great Depression. The New Deal was a series of programs aimed to reform, recover, and relieve the country.

Question 38

Open Door Policy

Answer 38

This policy stated to keep china open to all countries to trade with. This went against Europe's spheres of influence in China.

Question 39

Pearl Harbor

Answer 39

The bombing of pearl harbor was done by the Japanese. They did this so our naval bases in Hawaii were destroyed. This led the United State's to become involved in WWII. The bombing was done to prevent American ships from interfering with japanese ships during war.

Question 40

Plessy vs. Furgeson

Answer 40

A court case that stated segregation was constitutional if the facilities were "separate but equal". This was later overruled by Brown vs. Board of Education.

Question 41

Prohibition

Answer 41

The fight to prohibit alcohol in the United States. This was a fight to make alcohol manufacturing and consumption illegal in the US.

Question 42

Reconstruction

Answer 42

The period following the Civil War. This was also a period when the United States reconstructed the South. This also freed African American slaves.

Question 43

Strategic Arms Limitstion Treaty (SALT)

Answer 43

A treaty involving the United States and Soviet Union. This ended the arms race. It was a treaty stating they would disarm themselves.

Question 44

Spanish-American War

Answer 44

A conflict between Spain and the United States as a result of America's intervention with Cuba.

Question 45

Truman Doctrine

Answer 45

An international foreign policy set by the US that stated that the US would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from becoming communist.

Question 46

United Nations

Answer 46

Came after the League of Nations. This program promoted peace, security, and cooperation among most of the countries in the world.

Question 47

Vietnam War

Answer 47

The war was between North Vietnam (communist) and South Vietnam (anti-communist). The war was fought because North Vietnam wanted to convert Vietnam into a communist country.

Question 48

WWII

Answer 48

This was a war against the Axis powers and Allied Powers. This was a war against communism.

Question 49

WWI

Answer 49

A global war in Europe. The war was against the Allies (US, France, and Great Britain) and the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, and Italy). This was war against other countries taking over other countries and creating chaos.

Question 50

Allied Powers

Answer 50

During World War I & II these were the powers that opposed the Axis Powers and Central Powers. WWI (United States, France, Russia, & Great Britain). WWII (United States, Russia, Great Britain, China and France.)

Question 51

Appeasement

Answer 51

The policy of giving in to the demands of others in an effort to keep peace.

Question 52

Axis Powers

Answer 52

Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII

Question 53

Central Powers

Answer 53

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI

Question 54

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 54

After the war, African American soldiers returned home. They hoped their wartime sacrifices would earn them greater respect and freedom. In many cases, they were disappointed. Change was slow, and the strong desire to end unfairness soon led to protest. This became the civil rights movement. The movement where blacks fought for equality.

Question 55

Communism

Answer 55

A society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 56

Containment

Answer 56

A policy of holding back or stopping communism

Question 57

Corporation

Answer 57

A large business that can sell stock/shares.

Question 58

Domino Theory

Answer 58

The Communist threat in South Vietnam worried the United States. If Communists took South Vietnam, President Eisenhower once said, the countries of Southeast Asia would fall to communism like a row of dominoes—one right after the other.

Question 59

Dust Bowl

Answer 59

Nowhere was the economic suffering of the 1930s more severe than on the Great Plains. Bad weather and poor farming methods created a disaster known as the Dust Bowl. Many of the people living in the region were left with no choice but to move elsewhere.

Question 60

GI Bill of Rights

Answer 60

A law that gave billions of dollars to help GIs go to college or jobs. Money also went to help them start businesses or buy homes. This kept the GIs out of the work force so the economy didn't go into a depression. The bill also made it so the unemployment rate didn't sky rocket.

Question 61

Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 61

The withdrawal of American troops from foreign nations (especially Latin America) to improve international relations and unite western hemisphere.

Question 62

Grandfather clause

Answer 62

a arrangement in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases.

Question 63

Home Front

Answer 63

The United States during wartime.

Question 64

Immigration

Answer 64

The process of people moving from one country to another.

Question 65

Imperialism

Answer 65

the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries.

Question 66

Industrialization

Answer 66

the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc.

Question 67

Integration

Answer 67

the process of placing black kids in white schools and visa verse.

Question 68

Internement

Answer 68

Some military and political leaders worried what Japanese Americans would do if Japan invaded the United States. President Roosevelt ordered the relocation of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans living on the West Coast. The army forced them to move to internment camps which were crowded and uncomfortable.

Question 69

Iron Curtain

Answer 69

The border of countries taken over by Soviet Russia used to protect Russia in case of an attack.

Question 70

Isolationism

Answer 70

the belief that a nation should stay out of the affairs of other nations.

Question 71

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 71

Laws passed during the Civil Rights Movement that restricted blacks and denied their rights.

Question 73

Laissez-Faire

Answer 73

a belief that government should have as little involvement in private life as possible.

Question 74

Literacy Tests

Answer 74

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Question 75

Mass Production

Answer 75

the manufacturing of goods in large numbers. This usually involves a lot of employees doing different jobs, but one specific job. The assembly line is used in mass production.

Question 76

Monopoly

Answer 76

total control of a type of industry by one person or one company.

Question 77

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 77

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. This was put into action to keep Europe away from Latin America.

Question 78

Nativism

Answer 78

belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners.

Question 79

Neutrality

Answer 79

the states of being neutral in a conflict.

Question 80

Poll taxes

Answer 80

a tax you pay to vote.

Question 81

Progressive Movement

Answer 81

a period of social activism and political reform in the United States, that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Question 82

Quota System

Answer 82

an arrangement setting the number of immigrants allowed from each country.

Question 83

Rationing

Answer 83

to limit the use of certain materials during wartime; to conserve materials useful for war.

Question 84

Red Scare/ McCarthyism

Answer 84

The term Red Scare refers to this time of heightened public fear. During the Red Scare, the government went after Communists and others with radical views. Senator Joseph McCarthy held trials to investigate whether or not people were communist. He violated many peoples' rights during these trials.

Question 85

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 85

Roosevelt added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. He claimed the right to get involved in Latin American affairs if a nation seemed unstable. It gave the United States the right to act as a “policeman” in places in Latin America.

Question 86

Segregation

Answer 86

the separation of blacks and whites in public places.

Question 87

"Separate But Equal" Plessy v Furgeson

Answer 87

Court case that stated segregation was legal if separate facilities were equal in quality.

Question 88

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 88

Laws put into action under Theodore Roosevelt to keep businesses from forming trusts. This was put into action to stop large companies from putting smaller businesses out of business.

Question 89

Soviet Union

Answer 89

USSR; communist led by Joseph Stalin. Now is Russia.

Question 90

Trade Unions

Answer 90

Earlier in the 1800s, skilled workers in certain trades or crafts had formed unions. These trade unions represented only one trade, however, and had too few members to have a wide impact. By the mid-1800s, as working conditions worsened, labor leaders looked to include larger numbers of workers in their unions; labor unions but devoted to one trade/skill.

Question 91

Trusts

Answer 91

An agreement between two or more companies to not compete with one another.

Question 92

Unbanization

Answer 92

the growth of areas into cities.

Question 93

Wilson's 14 Points

Answer 93

a plan for a peaceful and prosperous post-war world as World War I ended.

Question 94

Women's Rights Movement

Answer 94

The movement in which people fought for women to have equal rights as men. A major thing they fought for was women's suffrage (right to vote).

Question 95

Yellow Journalism

Answer 95

Sensational, biased, and often false reporting