Cardiac A&P

Question 1

outer sac of the heart

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

inner layer of pericardium

Answer 2

visceral

Question 3

outer layer of pericardium

Answer 3

pericardial sac

Question 4

outmost muscle of the heart

Answer 4

epicardium

Question 5

middle muscle of the heart

Answer 5

myocardium

Question 6

innermost muscle of the heart

Answer 6

endocardium

Question 7

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 7

Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle

Question 8

What are the 4 valves of the heart?

Answer 8

2 AV valves

2 Semilunar valves

Question 9

What is the diastole?

Answer 9

relax - filling up

Question 10

What fills up in diastole?

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

What empties in diastole?

Answer 11

atrial

Question 12

What valves open in diastole?

Answer 12

AV valves

Question 13

What valves close during diastole?

Answer 13

semilunar valves

Question 14

What heart sound is produced during diastole?

Answer 14

S2

Question 15

What is Systole?

Answer 15

contraction

Question 16

What fills up during Systole?

Answer 16

atria fills

Question 17

What empties during Systole?

Answer 17

Ventricles

Question 18

What valves close during Systole?

Answer 18

AV valves

Question 19

What valves open during Systole?

Answer 19

Semilunar Valves

Question 20

What heart sound is produced during Systole?

Answer 20

S1

Question 21

What regulates the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 21

Autonomic nervous system

Question 22

What system increase heart rate & force of contraction?

Answer 22

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Question 23

How does the SNS increase HR and force of contraction?

Answer 23

by increasing rate of depolarization in SA node

and reducing AV node delay

Question 24

What system Slows down heart rate?

Answer 24

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 25

How does the Parasympathetic nervous system slow the HR?

Answer 25

by decreasing rate of depolarization in SA node | and increasing AV node delay

Question 26

In the EKG Cycle what represents atrial depolarization?

Answer 26

P wave

Question 27

In the EKG Cycle what represents the initial negative deflection resulting from ventricular depolarization?

Answer 27

Q wave

Question 28

In the EKG Cycle what represents the first positive deflection during ventricular depolarization?

Answer 28

R wave

Question 29

In the EKG Cycle what represents the first negative deflection of ventricular depolarization after R wave?

Answer 29

S wave

Question 30

In the EKG Cycle what represents ventricular repolarization?

Answer 30

T wave

Question 31

In the EKG Cycle what is usually positive following T wave but before the next p-wave?

Answer 31

U wave

Question 32

What is the measure of distance between onset of P wave to the beginning of the QRS. “Atrial depolarization time?

Answer 32

PR interval

Question 33

What is normal PR interval?

Answer 33

< 0.20 sec

Question 34

What represents the total ventricular depolarization time?

Answer 34

QRS

Question 35

What is a normal QRS?

Answer 35

< 0.12 sec

Question 36

What represents from onset of Q to end of the T wave?

Answer 36

QT interval

Question 37

What does QT interval measure?

Answer 37

the duration of electrical systole

Question 38

What is normal heart rate?

Answer 38

60-100

Question 39

What is sinus tachycardia?

Answer 39

great that 125 bpm

Question 40

What is sinus bradycardia?

Answer 40

less than 50 bpm

Question 41

9 out of 10 times, what does irregular pulse?

Answer 41

atrial fibrillation

Question 42

In atrial fibrilation, what represents the pulse?

Answer 42

R wave

Question 43

In atrial fibrilation, what is there multiple instead of just one?

Answer 43

multiple P waves before each QRS instead of just one P wave

Question 44

What doesn't empty in atrial fibrilation?

Answer 44

blood doesn't leave the atrial and empty into ventricle

Question 45

What happens to the blood that doesn't empty into the ventricle in atrial fibrilation?

Answer 45

it is left in the atrium and it clots

Question 46

What happens when the blood clots in the atrium from atrial fibrilation?

Answer 46

patient is at high risk for embolism

Question 47

What are the symptoms of atrial fibrilation?

Answer 47

SOB - huffs and puffs

Question 48

What happens in ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 48

does not generate a pulse, so you have to count the pulse