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MD3001 > cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

pulmonary circulation pressure

A

12 – 16 mmHg

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2
Q

corners of the heart

A

3rd R CC
6 R CC
2nd L CC
Left 5 interspace mid clavicular line

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3
Q

Lateral supraclavicular nerve

A

supplies skin over shoulder, which is the C4 dermatome

C3 , 4

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4
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply

A 
walls of RA and RV
SAN and AVN nodes
post part of interventricular septum
part of LA and LV
His
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5
Q

what is an inferior infarct

A

obstruction of right coronary artery

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6
Q

what does the LCA supply

A

walls of LV and LA

most of interventricular septum

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7
Q

what is an anterior infarct

A

obstruction of LAD

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8
Q

what artery is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis

A

LAD

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9
Q

what is a lateral infarct

A

obstruction of the circumflex

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10
Q

what vessels may be used in a CABG

A

great saphenous vein
LIMA
left internal throracic

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11
Q

where will a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty first be inserted

A

femoral artery

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12
Q

what artery accompanies the great cardiac vein

A

LAD

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13
Q

what artery accompanies the middle cardiac vein

A

post interventricular

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14
Q

what artery accompanies the small cardiac vein

A

right marginal

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15
Q

which veins do not drain into the coronary sinus

A

venae cordis minimi

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16
Q

where does the descending aorta start and end

A

angle of Louis
to aortic hiatus T12, behind the crura and median arcuate ligament
lies on the left of the vertebral bodies then moves to the midline

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17
Q

what are the branches of the thoracic aorta

A

oesophageal arteries (middle third oesophagus)
9 posterior intercostals
subcostal arteries(supply posterior abdo wall)
bronchial arteries
other small arteries

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18
Q

where does the middle oesophagus drain to

A

azygous vein

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19
Q

where do the internal thoracic arteries branch from

A

subclavian arteries

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20
Q

what branches from the internal thoracic

A

anterior intercostals

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21
Q

where is the oesophagus

A

starts at c6
25 cm long
immediately anterior to the vertebral column
pierces the diaphragm at t10

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22
Q

what is the function of the cricopharyngeal sphincter

A

stops the swallowing of air into stomach

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23
Q

what supplies the superior part of oesophagus

A

inferior thyroid arteries
brachiocephalic veins
reccurent laryngeal nerves
deep cervical nodes

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24
Q

what supplies the middle oesophagus

A

oesophageal arteries
azygous system
oesophageal plexus
tracheobronchial nodes

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25
what supplies the inferior third of oesophagus
left gastric artery left gastric veins and then portal vein oesophageal plexus left gastric and coeliac nodes
26
how do oesophageal varices form
liver cirrhosis increased portal pressure blood enters submucosal veins via porto systemic anastomosis enters azygous
27
what are the 4 oesophageal constrictions
upper oesophageal sphincter arch of aorta left main bronchus diaphragm (lower oesophageal sphincter)
28
what is the thoracic duct a continuation of
cisterna chyli | lies between the aorta and the azygous vein
29
what is a chylothorax
a type of pleural effusion. It results from lymph formed in the digestive system called chyle accumulating in the pleural cavity due to either disruption or obstruction of the thoracic duct eg surgery
30
where does the thoracic duct enter the thorax
aortic hiatus t12 with the azygous vein
31
what does the azygous vein drain
posterior wall of the thorax and parts of the abdomen
32
what ribs does the breast overlay
2-6 contains 16 ducts
33
what structures pass through the thoracic inlet and lie on the first rib
subclavian vein subclavian artery inf trunk brachial plexus
34
what makes up the thoracic outlet
t12 ribs 11 and 12 costal cartilage 7-10 xiphoid cartilage
35
what are the 4 corners of the heart
3rd right CC 6th Right CC 2 L CC 5 left is mid clavicular line
36
where is the thymus
jugular notch to 4th CC
37
what is the blood supply of the thymus
internal thoracic and inferior thyroid arteries | venous to left brachiocephalic vein
38
what nerve lies to the right of the trachea
right vagus
39
what nerve lies to the right of SVC
phrenic
40
structures on the left of the mediastinum are related to what
arteries and the left ventricle
41
what nerve lies on the arch of the aorta
left vagus
42
what nerve lies on the left ventricle
left phrenic
43
describe the mediastinal planes
``` thymus 1 venous plane vagus and phrenic 2arterial plane 3 trachea and oesophagus ```
44
where is the SVC origin found
behind 1st right costal cartilage
45
where does the azygos vein join the SVC
behind the 2nd right costal cartilage
46
where does the svc enter the right atrium
posterior to 3rd right cc
47
where does the brachiocephalic trunk divide
posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint
48
where does the left superior intercostal vein lie
lies on arch of the aorta between vagus and phrenic passes into the left brachiocephalic vein drains the 2, 3, 4 IC spaces
49
where is the trachea
c6 - t4/5 includes trachealis muscle
50
where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
between the trachea and oesophagus
51
where is the thoracic duct
in between the aorta and azygos vein crosses behind the oesophagus and t4/5 to ascend on the left then arches over the apex of the left lung and enters the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian vein at the left brachiocephalic
52
where is the LRLN
inferior to the ligamentum arteriosum before ascending between the trachea and oesophagus to reach the larynx
53
where do the mediastinal nodes lie
around the carina superior tracheobronchial or inferior tracheobronchial drain the lungs and hila so involved in metastasis
54
where are the anterior mediastinal nodes
around the brachiocephalic veins drain to thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and communicate with the deep cervical nodes therefore lung cancer can cause palpable neck nodes
55
where is the posterior mediastinum
below IV disk at t4/5 behind the pericardial sac and diaphragm to posterior attachment of diaphragm at t12
56
how many posterior intercostal arteries are there and what do they supply
9 ic spaces 3-11 subcostal arteries lie inf to 12th rib and supply post abdo wall
57
how many bronchial arteries are there
2 on the left and one on the right | direct branch of thoracic aorta
58
where does the middle oesophagus drain to
azygos | because its supplied by the aorta
59
what passes through the right crus of the diaphragm
oesophagus
60
what contributes to the physiological cardiac sphincter
oblique entry into stomach right crus of diaphragm resting tone in smooth muscle this prevents gastric reflux
61
what does the phrenic supply
``` diaphragm motor sensory: central tendon of the diaphragm, its parietal pleura and underlying parietal peritoneum sensory from mediastinal parietal pleura sensory from pericardium ``` a branch of the cervical plexus
62
what is the value of the supraclavicular nerve
c3, 4 supplies skin over shoulder which is the c4 dermatome hence referred pain
63
what 3 vessels lead into the RA
IVC SVC coronary sinus
64
where are the musculi pectinati and crista terminalis found
RA, anterior wall
65
where is the SAN
close to the opening of SVC
66
where is the AVN
septum between the opening of the coronary sinus and tricuspid valve
67
what is the limbus fossa ovalis
the border of the fossa ovalis
68
where are the trabeculae carneae found
ventricles
69
what is the Septomarginal trabecular aka moderator band
found in the right ventricle | carries impulse to the papillary muscles
70
how many cusps does each papillary muscle send chordae to
2
71
what is the function of the cardiac skeleton
supports the valves and myocardium | electrically separates the atria and ventricles
72
describe the route of the vagus nerve
carries parasympathetic fibres arises in the medulla oblongata passes out of the skull with the internal jugular vein passes into the carotid sheath lies between the arterial and venous planes leaves the thorax with the oesophagus also innervates striated muscles of the pharynx and larynx plus sensory fibres
73
what nerves make the oesophageal plexus
both vagi also contribute to the pulmonary and cardiac autonomic plexi. they synapse close the viscus
74
where is the right rln
below subclavian (4th arch)
75
what do sensory neurones develop from
neural crest cells
76
what do parasympathetic nerves supply
head, neck and viscera not skin or limbs
77
what do sympathetic nerves hitchhike with
somatic nerves / arteries
78
where is the stellate ganglion
neck of the 1st rib
79
what is the sympathetic supply of the UL
t4-6
80
what is the sympathetic supply of the thoracic and abdo walls
t1-12 matches the dermatomes
81
what is the sympathetic supply of the LL
t12 -L2
82
what dermatomes is cardiac pain referred to
t1/2 -medial aspect of left arm
83
what supplies the pulmonary plexus
t2-4
84
what supplies the oesophageal plexus
t4-6
85
what supply do blood vessels have
sympathetic only

MD3001 (33 decks)

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