cardiovascular drugs Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
what treatment would you give for a hypertensive patient under 55
A
A
then A + C
then A + C + D
Then ABCD or alpha blocker or extra diuretic
2
Q
how do you treat someone over 55 with hypertension
A
C
then A + C
then A + C + D
( D = thiazide like diuretic)
3
Q
ramipril
A
ACE inhibitor
4
Q
lisonopril
A
ACE inhibitor
5
Q
losartan
A
Angiotensin receptor agonist - ARB
6
Q
aliskiren
A
Renin inhibitor
7
Q
amlodipine
A
Calcium channel blocker(dihydropyridine like)
8
Q
lercanidipine
A
Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine like)
9
Q
indapamide
A
thiazide like diuretic
10
Q
bendroflumethiazide
A
thiazide like diuretic
11
Q
bisoprolol
A
B blocker
12
Q
atenolol
A
B blocker
13
Q
doxazosin
A
alpha blocker
14
Q
Potassium sparing diuretic/ aldosterone antagonist
A
spironolactone
15
Q
dry cough, dizziness, headaches, tiredness
A
ACE inhibitor
16
Q
dizziness, headaches, leg pain
A
ARBs
17
Q
flushes, headaches, ankle oedema, dizziness
A
Calcium blocker
18
Q
raised potassium and blood sugar levels
A
thiazide like diuretic
19
Q
furosemide
A
loop diuretic
20
Q
candesartan
A
ARB
21
Q
carvedilol
A
B blocker
22
Q
side effect of loop diuretics
A
gout
23
Q
digoxin
A
AF
24
Q
opiates
A
reduce anxiety and preload
25
nitrates
preload and afterload
26
dobutamine
beta 1 agonist
increases myocardial contractility
acute reversible heart failure
27
dopamine
increases renal perfusion and BP, improves contractility
| acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock
28
adrenaline
increases contractility
29
ivabradine
anti angina
| reduces heart rate by blocking funny channels
30
ranolazine
anti angina
inhibits Na
thereby reducing heart workload
last resort
31
Nirocandil
vasodilator for angina
activation of K channels
hyperpolarises smooth muscle
32
what type of angina is demand ischaemia
chronic stable
33
which drugs are vasodilators
organic nitrates
nicorandil
Ca antagonists
they reduce preload and afterload
34
which drugs slow down the heart
ivabradine
| B blockers
35
what are the two types of Ca blocker
dihydropyridine derivatives
| rate limiting
36
verapamil and diltiazem
rate limiting ca blocker
| can impair AV conduction
37
amlodipine and lercanidipine
dihydropyradine derivatives ca blocker
use in variant angina or alongside beta blocker
38
head aches, constipation, ankle oedema
ca antagonist
39
which ca antag is used as an antidysrhythmic
verapamil
used in SVTs
40
what ca antag are used in hypertension
amlodipine or lercanidipine
41
how do organic nitrates work
```
metabolised to NO and relaxes vascular smooth muscle
reduces preload
dilates coronary vessels
esp in variant angina
may dilate collaterals
```
42
isosorbide mononitrate
used long before exertion
angina pectoris
dilates blood vessels
43
intravenous GTN
unstable angina
| acute heart failure
44
headaches and postural hypotension
organic nitrates
45
sublinguinal GTN
just before exercise
46
isosorbide mononitrate with hydralazine
chronic heart failure
47
headaches, flushing, dizziness
nicorandil
48
what is a class 1 antidysrhythmic
blocks fast sodium channels
49
what is a class 2 antidysrhythmic
blocks Beta adrenergic receptors
50
what is a class 3 antidysrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
| prolongs the duration of action potential repolarisation
51
what is a class 4 antidysrhythmic
blocks Ca channels
52
what other two drugs are used to treat dysrhythmia but don't fit into the Vaughn-Williams classification
digoxin and adenosine
53
where do thiazide like diuretics act
DCT
54
where does spironolactone act
collecting tubule
55
dry cough, dizziness, tiredness, headaches
ACE inhibitors
56
back/ leg pain, dizziness, headache
angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB)
57
flushes, headaches, ankle oedema, dizziness
Ca channel blockers
58
raised potassium and blood sugar levels
thiazide like diuretics
59
what is the treatment plan for heart failure
D A B
| NOT C!
do not want to decrease contractility
unless co existing angina :) -amlodipine
60
what are the symptoms of heart failure
```
SOB
swelling
lack of energy
difficulty sleeping
swollen abdomen
cough with frothy sputum
increased urination
confusion
```
61
what are the main drugs used in chronic heart failure
```
furosemide
ramipril lisinopril
candersartan
bisoprolol
carvedilol
spironolactone
```
62
where do loop diuretics act
thick ascending loop
63
what are the 4 effects of angiotensin
vascular growth and hypertrophy
vasoconstriction
salt retention
aldosterone secretion
64
what is the effect of beta blockers
slows heart rate
allows the ventricle to fill more completely
vasodilation- decreased afterload
65
hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, nasea, hypotension
aldosterone receptor antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone)
66
acute gout
loop diuretics
67
what does digoxin do
increased vagal activity
| increases contractility by increasing Ca levels
68
what are the initial treatments for acute heart failure
loop diuretics - venodilation and diuresis
opiates - reduce anxiety and preload
nitrates- reduce preload and afterload
69
what are second line treatments for acute heart failure
ionotropes - beta agonists eg dobutamine
dopamine - increases renal perfusion
adrenaline- increases contractility
70
disopyramide
1a sodium channel blocker
used in ventricular dysrhythmia and AF
71
lignocaine
1b sodium channel blocker
prevents ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after MI
72
flecainide
1c sodium channel blocker
suppresses ventricular ectopics, paroxysmal AF and reccurent tachycardias
73
sotalol
b blocker used in dysrhythmia
74
amiodarone
potassium channel blocker
75
verapamil
calcium channel blocker
76
how do class 1 arrhythmia drugs work
reduce the rate of cardiac depolarisation during phase 1
77
what does use dependant mean
work more effectively if there is high activity eg tachycardia
78
how do b blockers work
reduce cAMP which reduces Ca influx
79
what is the usual ending for arbs
-artan
80
what is the care pathway for pts with hypetension
lifestyle interventions
patient education
annual review of care
if younger than 40 consider specialist referral
if stage 2 hypertension or organ damage then antihypertensive drugs
81
what would you offer a pt with a dry cough after ACE inhib
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker aka ARB
82
what would you offer someone with resistant hypertension
further diuretic
| or alpha blocker or beta blocker
83
what ACE inhibitors would you use in hypertension
ramipril, lisinopril
84
what arb would you use in hypertension
losartan
85
what renin inhibitor would yo use in hypertension
aliskerin
86
what calcium blockers would you use in hypertension
amlodipine, lercanidipine
| i.e. dihydropyradine like
87
what diuretics would you used in hypertension
indapamide, bendrofluomethiazide
88
what b blockers would you use in resistant hypertension
atenolol or bisoprolol
89
what alpha blockers would you use in resistant hypertension
doxazosin
90
what loop diuretic would you use in chronic heart failure
furosemide
| gout
91
what ACE inhibitor would you use in chronic heart failure
ramipril and lisinopril
92
what arb would you use in chronic heart failure
candesartan
93
what B blocker would you use in chronic heart failure
bisoprolol or carvedilol
94
what aldosterone receptor antagonist would you use in chronic heart failure
spironolactone
| hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, nausea and hypotension
95
what Ca inhibitor would you use in chronic heart failure with coexisting angina
amlodipine
96
what is EDRF
endothelin derived relaxing factor
| causes relaxation of smooth muscle in the vessel wall
97
what are the 3 main drugs used in angina
nitrates
b blockers
ca antagonists
