larynx

Question 1

what type of cartilage makes up most of the larynx

Answer 1

hyaline

Question 2

what ligament is used for emergency access to the airway?

Answer 2

the median cricothyroid ligament ( the midline thickening of the cricothyroid membrane)

Question 3

what are the two small, paired cartilages called?

Answer 3

corniculate and cuneiform

Question 4

what cartilage does the oesophagus attach to?

Answer 4

the ridge on the back of the cricoid

Question 5

what part of the thyroid does the cricoid attach to

Answer 5

the inferior horn of the thyroid

Question 6

what vein is at risk in tracheostomy

Answer 6

inferior thyroid vein

Question 7

what artery accompanies the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 7

inferior laryngeral branch of the inf thyroid artery

Question 8

what does the inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery supply

Answer 8

larynx below the vocal cords

Question 9

where does lymph from the larynx drain to

Answer 9

lower deep cervical nodes and upper deep cervical nodes

Question 10

what artery accompanies the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 10

superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery

Question 11

what results from unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 11

semi abducted vocal fold

noisy respiration

hoarse voice

Question 12

what happens as a result of bilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 12

vocal folds move into the midline- life threatening

Question 13

where is the LRLN found

Answer 13

passes inferior to the aorta and lig. arteriosum, close to the left lung hilum ascends between trachea and oesophagus

Question 14

where is the RRLN found

Answer 14

passes inferior to the subclavian artery (recurrent laryngeal nerves are branches of the vagus)

Question 15

what is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 15

supplies all muscles of the larynx except criocothyroid.

sensation to the vocal cords and larynx below folds.

also supplies oesophagus

Question 16

what is the function of the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 16

internal branch - sensation above vocal folds external branch- cricothyroid muscle

Question 17

what muscles control phonation

Answer 17

cricothyroid, thyro-arytenoid and vocalis

Question 18

what muscles are involved in effort closure

Answer 18

lateral cricoarytenoid and transverse arytenoid closes vocal and vestibular folds

Question 19

what muscle is involved in forced expiration

Answer 19

posterior cricoarytenoid externally rotates the arytenoids rhomboid shaped opening

Question 20

where is the extrinsic thyrohyoid membrane found

Answer 20

between the hyoid and thyroid cartilage

Question 21

where is the quadrangular ligament

Answer 21

arytenoid to thyroid and epiglottis

Question 22

where is the cricothyroid /cricovocal ligament?

Answer 22

cricoid and arytenoid to the thyroid

forms the conus elasticus which is the lateral portion of the cricothyroid ligament

Question 23

what are the three folds

Answer 23

aryepiglottic, over quadrangular membrane

vestibular, formed over the vestibular ligament, lower edge of quadrangular membrane

vocal, formed over the vocal ligament, upper edge of cricovocal membrane

Question 24

where is the ventricle

Answer 24

between the vestibular and vocal folds, leads to the saccule which produces mucus

Question 25

what muscle opens the rim

Answer 25

posterior crico arytenoid

Question 26

what muscle closes the rima

Answer 26

transverse arytenoid also oblique arytenoid lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 27

what muscle shortens the folds by rocking the thyroid back

Answer 27

thyro arytenoid

Question 28

which muscle lengthens the folds by rocking the thyroid forwards

Answer 28

cricothyroid

Question 29

what muscle is this

Answer 29

cricothyroid stretches the vocal cords

Question 30

what muscle is this

Answer 30

posterior cricoarytenoid abducts the vocal cords

Question 31

what muscle is this

Answer 31

transverse arytenoid adducts the vocal cords

Question 32

Answer 32

thyroarytenoid relaxes the vocal cords by pulling the arytenoid cartilages forwards towards the laryngeal prominence

Question 33

Answer 33

lateral cricoarytenoid adduct the vocal cords

Question 34

Answer 34

oblique arytenoid adjusts the size of the laryngeal orifice

Question 35

what is found at the lower edge of the quadrangular membrane

Answer 35

vestibular ligament

Question 36

what is found at the upper border of the cricothryroid membrane

Answer 36

vocal ligament

Question 37

what are the 3 cavities of the larynx

Answer 37

vestible ventricle infraglottic

Question 38

what is the rima vestibuli

Answer 38

the space between the two vestibular folds

Question 39

what is the rima glottidis

Answer 39

the space between the two vocal folds

Question 40

what nerve supplies cricothyroid

Answer 40

external laryngeal nerve

Question 41

what happens in heavy lifting as opposed to phonation

Answer 41

vestibular and vocal folds are adducted to close the airway in phonation just the vocal folds are adducted to close the rima glottis, air can still be forced through

Question 42

what muscle is used in forced inspiration

Answer 42

posterior cricoarytenoid rhomboid shaped opening, arytenoids are externally rotated

Question 43

what is at the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane

Answer 43

aryepiglottic folds form the laryngeal inlet which is the protective sphincter

Question 44

where does the vocal ligament attach

Answer 44

vocal process of the arytenoid