cardiovascular disease 1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
what is atherosclerosis?
accumulation of lipid rich plaques in arterial walls
what ischaemia?
the progressive narrowing of blood vessels with reduced blood supply and oxygen
what happens when plaque ruptures?
thrombus formation and occlusion of blood supply = infarction
risk factors of cardiovascular disease?
diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, high bp, genes
what causes high cholesterol?
lifestyle, genes - hypercholesterolaemia
management of high cholesterol?
dietary modication, use of drugs - statins
in hypertension what are the systolic and diastolic values?
systolic > 160, diastolic >90
what is the incidence of hypertension?
15-20% in the western world, increase risk with age
what is primary hypertension?
no single underlying cause but related to obesity/alcohol/high salt/genetic
what is secondary hypertension?
endocrine - excess hormones
renal - kidneys failing
symptoms of very high bp?
firs, breathless, confusion, headaches, chest pain
if hypertension is untreated how to treat dentally?
postpone LA until controlled
drugs used in hypertension?
beta blockers, diuretics, ace inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, Ca channel blockers
how is diabetes relevant to hypertension?
increased blood sugar,
if diabetes is well controlled what happens to artherosclorosis risk?
reduced risk
how to handle hypertension pt’s with genetic factors?
indentify those most at risk and try prevent
what is peripheral vascular disease?
artherosclorosis affecting peripheral vessels
where does peripheral vascular disease occur?
abdominal aorta, lower limbs
what is experienced in chronic peripeheral vascular disease?
intermittent claudication - leg pain in calf when walking
what is experiences in acute peripheral vascular disease?
ischaemic limb - pain at rest, pale, cold, numb limb - no sensation cant move
management of peripheral vascular disease?
risk factor modification, exercise programme, surgery - bypass grafts and stents
what is an abdominal aortic aneurysm
damage to the vessel wall from artherosclerosis = dilated aorta
what is there a risk of in abdominal aortic aneurysm?
risk of catastrophic rupture
what are the symptoms of abdomical aortic aneurysms?
mild abdomical pain, collapses with rupture
