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Medical Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

what is adrenal insufficiency?

A

after prolonged therapy with corticosteroids

a patient with adrenal insufficiency may become hypotensive under the stress of the dentist

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2
Q

what is adrenal insufficiency?

A

after prolonged therapy with corticosteroids

a patient with adrenal insufficiency may become hypotensive under the stress of the dentist

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3
Q

management of adrenal insufficiency?

A

lie flat
give 02
transfer to hospital

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4
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A

severe allergic reaction
dentistry - admin of drug/after contact with gloves (latex)
more rapid onset and more profound reaction

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5
Q

signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A

parasthesia, fluhing, swelling of face
gen itching - esp hands and feet
bronhcospasm, wheeszing, difficulty breathing
rapid weak pulse, fall in bp, pallor, cardiac arrest

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6
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis?

A 
secure airway
restore bp by lying flat and raise feet
unconscious = recovery position
adrenaline
02 
hospital
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7
Q

amount of adrenaline?

child

A
  1. 5ml adrenaline-repeat at 5 min intervals if necessary
  2. 15mL
  3. 3mL
  4. 5mL
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8
Q

asthma attack, responds to?

A

2 puffs of beta 2 agonist salbutamol 100mg

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9
Q

if pt unstable how to use inhaler?

A

use a large volume spacer

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10
Q

what is moderate acute asthma?

A

able to speak

resp breathes/min

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11
Q

mild acute asthma pulse
adult?
child 2-5?
child 5-12?

A
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12
Q

peak flow of adult in mod acute asthma?

child 5-12?

A

> 50% Of predicted best

>50%

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13
Q

arterial stats in mod acute asthma should be?

monitor response for how long?

A

> 92%

15-30 mins

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14
Q

severe acute asthma?

A

cant complete sentences in one breath

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15
Q

s.acute resp/min
adult
2-5yrs
5-12yrs

A

25
>40
>30

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16
Q

s.acute pule
adult
2-5
5-12

A

> 110
140
125

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17
Q

o2 sats s.acute?

A

> 92%

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18
Q

what is the peak flow in severe acute asthma?

A

33-50% of predicted best

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19
Q

what is life threatning acute asthma?

A 
silent chest, feeble resp effot, cyanosis
hypotension
bradychardia
arrythmia
exhaustion
agitation
reduced level of consciousness
peak flow less than 33%
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20
Q

treatment of acute asthma?

A

high flow o2

inhaled short action beta2 via spacer

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21
Q

what is cardiac arrhythmia?

A

sudden reduction in CO and loss of consciousness

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22
Q

what is the pain of MI similar to?

A

that of angina

more severe and prolonged

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23
Q

MI signs/symptoms?

A

progressive onset of severe crushing pain across front of chest - pain may radiate to shoulder and down arm or into neck or jaw
skin becomes pale and clammy
naseua/vomitting are common
pulse - weak, bp may fall

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24
Q

drugs for MI?

A

o2
sublingual gtn may relieve pain
300 mg aspirin

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25
what to do when pt having epileptic fit?
``` ensure pt not at risk nothing in mouth 02 dont restrain when conscious = recovery position midazolam if seizure over 5 mins ```
26
management of adrenal insufficiency?
lie flat give 02 transfer to hospital
27
what is anaphylaxis?
severe allergic reaction dentistry - admin of drug/after contact with gloves (latex) more rapid onset and more profound reaction
28
signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis?
parasthesia, fluhing, swelling of face gen itching - esp hands and feet bronhcospasm, wheeszing, difficulty breathing rapid weak pulse, fall in bp, pallor, cardiac arrest
29
treatment of anaphylaxis?
``` secure airway restore bp by lying flat and raise feet unconscious = recovery position adrenaline 02 hospital ```
30
amount of adrenaline? | child
0. 5ml adrenaline-repeat at 5 min intervals if necessary 0. 15mL 0. 3mL 0. 5mL
31
asthma attack, responds to?
2 puffs of beta 2 agonist salbutamol 100mg
32
if pt unstable how to use inhaler?
use a large volume spacer
33
what is moderate acute asthma?
able to speak | resp breathes/min
34
mild acute asthma pulse adult? child 2-5? child 5-12?
35
peak flow of adult in mod acute asthma? | child 5-12?
>50% Of predicted best | >50%
36
arterial stats in mod acute asthma should be? | monitor response for how long?
>92% | 15-30 mins
37
severe acute asthma?
cant complete sentences in one breath
38
s.acute resp/min adult 2-5yrs 5-12yrs
25 >40 >30
39
s.acute pule adult 2-5 5-12
>110 >140 >125
40
o2 sats s.acute?
>92%
41
what is the peak flow in severe acute asthma?
33-50% of predicted best
42
what is life threatning acute asthma?
``` silent chest, feeble resp effot, cyanosis hypotension bradychardia arrythmia exhaustion agitation reduced level of consciousness peak flow less than 33% ```
43
treatment of acute asthma?
high flow o2 | inhaled short action beta2 via spacer
44
what is cardiac arrhythmia?
sudden reduction in CO and loss of consciousness
45
what is the pain of MI similar to?
that of angina | more severe and prolonged
46
MI signs/symptoms?
progressive onset of severe crushing pain across front of chest - pain may radiate to shoulder and down arm or into neck or jaw skin becomes pale and clammy naseua/vomitting are common pulse - weak, bp may fall
47
drugs for MI?
o2 sublingual gtn may relieve pain 300 mg aspirin
48
what to do when pt having epileptic fit?
``` ensure pt not at risk nothing in mouth 02 dont restrain when conscious = recovery position midazolam if seizure over 5 mins ```
49
hypoglycaemia signs/symptoms?
``` shaking/trembling - sweating pins and needles in lip/tongue hunger - palpitation headache - double vision difficulty in concentration speech slurred confusion change of behaviour could be unconscious ```
50
give what for a hypoglycaemic attack?
glucose 10-20g by mouth 10g glucose from diet lucozade, coca cola, ribena if necessary repeat every ten to fifteen mins
51
if pt unconscious give what?
1M/1mg glucagon
52
what is syncope?
insufficient blood suppply to brain = loss of consciousness
53
what is the most common cause of vaso vagal attack?
faint
54
fainting signs?
``` pallor/sweating slow pulse nausea/vomitting dilated pupils muscular twitching ```
55
tx of faint
lay flat raise legs loosen tight clothing round neck when conscious = sweet tea
56
other causes of vaso vagal attack?
postural hypotension | stress - hyperventilating - feel faint
57
give oxygen to what patients? | what does it do?
hypoxaemic patients? increased alveolar tension and decrease work of breathing
58
oxygen aims to achieve a normal what?
02 saturation
59
acutely ill patients will have what o2 sat?
94-98%
60
patients at risk of hypercaphic respiratory failure o2 sats?
88-92%

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