Ch 35 Plant Structure and Development

Question 1

What percentage of plants are angiosperms?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

Two main groups of angiosperms

Answer 2

1) Monocots

2) Dicots

Question 3

Monocots

Answer 3

Palms, grasses, orchids, lilies

Question 4

Eudictos

Answer 4

Most everything except water lilies and magnolias

Question 5

Monocot embryo

Answer 5

One cotyledon

Question 6

Eudicot embryo

Answer 6

Two cotyledons

Question 7

Monocot leaf venation

Answer 7

Veins usually parallel

Question 8

Eudicot leaf venation

Answer 8

Veins usually netlike

Question 9

Monocot stems

Answer 9

Vascular tissue scattered

Question 10

Eudicot stems

Answer 10

Vascular tissue usually arranged in ring

Question 11

Shoot system

Answer 11

Responsible for light and CO2 acquisition and photosynthesis

Question 12

Root system

Answer 12

Responsible for water and mineral acquisition

Question 13

Functions of the root

Answer 13

1) Anchoring the plant
2) Absorbing minerals and water
3) Storing carbohydrates

Question 14

Most eudicots and gymnosperms have what kind of root system?

Answer 14

A taproot system

Question 15

A taproot system consists of:

Answer 15

1) Taproot

2) Lateral roots

Question 16

Taproot

Answer 16

Main vertical root

Question 17

Lateral roots

Answer 17

Arise from the taproot or adventitious root

Question 18

Most monocots have what kind of root system?

Answer 18

A fibrous root system

Question 19

A fibrous root system consists of:

Answer 19

1) Adventitious roots

2) Lateral roots

Question 20

Adventitious roots

Answer 20

Arise from stems or leaves

Question 21

Where does absorption occur in roots?

Answer 21

At roots hairs

Question 22

Root hairs

Answer 22

Thin, tubular extension of root cells

Question 23

A stem consists of:

Answer 23

1) Alternating system of nodes

2) Internodes

Question 24

Nodes

Answer 24

The points at which leaves are attached

Question 25

Internodes

Answer 25

The stem segments between nodes

Question 26

Axillary bud

Answer 26

A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot

Question 27

Lateral shoot

Answer 27

A branch

Question 28

Apical bud

Answer 28

Causes elongation of a young shoot

Question 29

An apical bud is located where?

Answer 29

Near the shoot tip

Question 30

Apical dominance

Answer 30

Helps to maintain dormancy in most axillary buds

Question 31

The major axes of stem growth are in line with what?

Answer 31

The apical buds

Question 32

Leaf

Answer 32

Main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants

Question 33

Leaf parts

Answer 33

1) Flattened blade | 2) Petiole

Question 34

Petiole

Answer 34

A stalk that joins the leaf to a node of the stem

Question 35

What do axillary buds indicate?

Answer 35

Where a single leaf begins

Question 36

Each plant organ has what three things?

Answer 36

Dermal, vascular, and ground tissues

Question 37

Dermal

Answer 37

Outer protective covering

Question 38

In nonwoody plants, what form does the dermal layer take?

Answer 38

It is present as a single layer of epidermal cells

Question 39

Vascular

Answer 39

Transports materials between plant organs, namely the roots and shoots

Question 40

Ground

Answer 40

Involved in support, storage, and metabolism

Question 41

In nonwoody plants the dermal tissue system consists of:

Answer 41

1) Epidermis | 2) Cuticle

Question 42

Periderm

Answer 42

Replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots in woody plants

Question 43

Trichomes

Answer 43

Outgrowths of the shoot epidermis

Question 44

What can trichomes help with?

Answer 44

Infect defense

Question 45

Two vascular tissues:

Answer 45

1) Xylem | 2) Phloem

Question 46

Xylem

Answer 46

Conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots

Question 47

Phloem

Answer 47

Transports organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

Question 48

Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are what?

Answer 48

Ground tissue

Question 49

Ground tissues include what?

Answer 49

Cells specialized for strorage, photosynthesis, and support

Question 50

What kind of cells are usually the primary site of photosynthesis?

Answer 50

Ground tissue cells of the leaves (mesophyll)

Question 51

Plant growth occurs indeterminately at ___

Answer 51

Meristems

Question 52

Meristems

Answer 52

Regions of embryonic growth

Question 53

Primary growth

Answer 53

Lengthening of stems

Question 54

Where does primary growth occur?

Answer 54

At apical meristems

Question 55

Root cap

Answer 55

Protects the apical meristems at the end of a root

Question 56

How is a root cap pushed through the soil?

Answer 56

By cell division, elongation, and differentiation

Question 57

Where does secondary growth occur?

Answer 57

Lateral meristems

Question 58

Secondary growth

Answer 58

Increasing thickness/width of woody plants

Question 59

Two lateral meristems

Answer 59

1) Vascular cambium | 2) Cork cambium

Question 60

Vascular cambium

Answer 60

Adds layers secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 61

Cork cambium

Answer 61

Replaces the epidermis with periderm

Question 62

Periderm

Answer 62

Thicker and tougher than the epidermis

Question 63

In cross section, what does the vascular cambium appear as?

Answer 63

A ring of stem cells

Question 64

Stem cells in plants increase what?

Answer 64

The vascular cambium's circumference

Question 65

Stem cells in plants add what?

Answer 65

Secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside