Ch 34 Chordates - Mammals

Question 1

Synapsids were the first what?

Answer 1

Amniote group to diversify widely into terrestrial habitates

Question 2

What were the dominant amniotes during the Permian period?

Answer 2

Synapsids

Question 3

Anapsid

Answer 3

No temporal openings in the skull for muscle attachment

Question 4

Diapsids

Answer 4

Two temporal openings in the skull for muscle attachment

Question 5

Are reptiles anapsids, diapsids, or synapsids?

Answer 5

Diapsids

Question 6

Were the earliest amniotes anapsides, diapsids, or synapsids?

Answer 6

Anapsids

Question 7

Synapsids

Answer 7

One temporal opening in the skull for muscle attachment

Question 8

Are mammals anapsids, diapsids, or synapsids?

Answer 8

Synapsids

Question 9

Shared derived characteristic of mammals

Answer 9

Hair

Question 10

How do mammals nourish their young?

Answer 10

Milk produced by mammary glands

Question 11

Are mammals endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 11

Endothermic

Question 12

What modification in mammals transmits sound in the middle ear?

Answer 12

Three bones of the skull

Question 13

Mammals have what kind of heart?

Answer 13

Four-chambered

Question 14

Mammals have what kind of metabolic rate?

Answer 14

High

Question 15

Hairs

Answer 15

Composed of dead, keratin packed cells of the epidermal skin layer

Question 16

How does hair grow?

Answer 16

By proliferation of cells at its base in the hair follicle

Question 17

Molt

Answer 17

The shedding of all hairs at once

Question 18

Benefits of hair

Answer 18

1) Buoyancy
2) Concealment
3) Insulation
4) Protection
5) Sensing
6) Signaling
7) Waterproofing

Question 19

Guardhairs

Answer 19

Long, coarse hairs that overlie underhair

Question 20

Underhairs

Answer 20

Dense, soft, insulating hair

Question 21

Horns

Answer 21

Bones extension of the skull

Question 22

What covers horns?

Answer 22

A sheath of keratin

Question 23

Antlers

Answer 23

Solid bone

Question 24

What covers antlers?

Answer 24

Velvet

Question 25

Velvet

Answer 25

A highly vascular, soft skin

Question 26

When are antlers covered by velvet?

Answer 26

During their growth phase

Question 27

Are antlers shed?

Answer 27

Yes, annually

Question 28

Are horns shed?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

Sweat glands

Answer 29

Produce a watery fluid that cools the skin surface

Question 30

Sebaceous glands

Answer 30

Consist of cells that rupture to release sebum that conditions skin and hair

Question 31

Mammary glands

Answer 31

Produce nourishing milk

Question 32

Scent glands

Answer 32

Have various function in chemical signaling including territoriality and mating

Question 33

Heterodont

Answer 33

Teeth differentiated to perform specialized functions

Question 34

Advances in mammalian locomotion

Answer 34

1) Limbs positioned under, rather than to the sides, of the body 2) Muscular diaphragm for inhalation, loss of abdominal ribs 3) Enlarged cerebrum for greater coordination

Question 35

Three groups of mammals

Answer 35

1) Marsupials 2) Monotremes 3) Eutherians

Question 36

Monotremes

Answer 36

Mammals that reproduce by laying eggs

Question 37

Female monotremes possess what?

Answer 37

An abdominal pouch within which offspring complete their development after hatching

Question 38

How are monotreme young fed?

Answer 38

From milk secreted by the mother's skin within the pouch

Question 39

Marsupials

Answer 39

Pouched, viviparous mammals

Question 40

When are marsupial young born?

Answer 40

At the embryonic stage of development

Question 41

Where do marsupial young complete development?

Answer 41

In the abdominal pouch

Question 42

How are marsupial young fed?

Answer 42

From the mother's nipples

Question 43

Are most mammals, marsupials, monotremes, or eutherians?

Answer 43

Eutherians

Question 44

How are eutherian young nourished during embryonic development?

Answer 44

Via a placenta

Question 45

Placenta

Answer 45

A vascular connection within the uterus between the mother and embryo

Question 46

Gestation

Answer 46

The period of development in the uters

Question 47

How long can gestation last?

Answer 47

One to twenty-two months

Question 48

What is seen between marsupials and eutherians?

Answer 48

Evolutionary convergence

Question 49

Digitigrade

Answer 49

Mammals that walk on their digits (toes)

Question 50

Are ungulates considered digitigrades?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Perissodactyla

Answer 51

The odd-toed ungulates

Question 52

Ungulates

Answer 52

Hooved mammals

Question 53

Characteristics that distinguish humans from other apes

Answer 53

1) Upright posture and bipedalism 2) Larger brains 3) Reduced jawbones and jaw muscles 4) Shorter digestive tract

Question 54

The larger brains of humans are capable of what?

Answer 54

1) Language 2) Symbolic thought 3) Artistic expression 4) Manufacture and use of complex tools

Question 55

Are living primates a part of the human ancestral lineage?

Answer 55

NO