Ch 38 Pollination and Reproduction

Question 1

Angiosperms

Answer 1

Flowering seed plants

Question 2

Flower

Answer 2

A specialized shoot modified for sexual reproduction

Question 3

Pollination

Answer 3

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 4

How can angiosperms be pollinated?

Answer 4

Via wind, water, or animals

Question 5

How much pollen do wind-pollinated species release?

Answer 5

Large amounts

Question 6

How are most gymnosperms pollinated?

Answer 6

By wind

Question 7

What percentage of angiosperms are wind pollinated?

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

How are most angiosperms pollinated?

Answer 8

By animals

Question 9

Coevolution

Answer 9

The evolution of interacting species in responses to changes in each other

Question 10

Man flowering plants coevolve with what?

Answer 10

Specific pollinators

Question 11

What do the shape and size of a flower often correspond with?

Answer 11

The pollen transporting parts of their animal pollinators

Question 12

Double fertilization

Answer 12

Results from the discharge of two sperm from the pollen tube into the embryo sac

Question 13

During double fertilization, what occurs to each sperm?

Answer 13

One sperm fertilizes the egg

One sperm combine with the polar nuclei

Question 14

What gives rise to the endosperm?

Answer 14

When a sperm combines with the polar nuclei during double fertilization

Question 15

Endosperm (3n)

Answer 15

Triploid

Food-storing

Question 16

What occurs in a plant after double fertilization?

Answer 16

Each ovule grows into a seed

Question 17

What does the ovary develop into?

Answer 17

A fruit

Question 18

Fruit

Answer 18

Encloses the seed(s)

Question 19

Dormancy

Answer 19

A state where the seed’s water content is reduced to about 5% to 15%

Question 20

What is the benefit of seed dormancy?

Answer 20

It increases the chances that germination will occur at a time and place most advantageous to the seedling

Question 21

Germination depends on what?

Answer 21

The uptake of water

Question 22

Radicle

Answer 22

Embryonic root

Question 23

What is the first part of the plant to emerge from the seed?

Answer 23

The radicle

Question 24

Does self-fertilization produce genetic variation in offspring?

Answer 24

Yes, but not as much as mating with another individual

Question 25

What is possessed by many angiosperms?

Answer 25

Mechanisms to prevent self-fetilzation

Question 26

Dioecious

Answer 26

Have stiminate (male) and carpellate (female) flowers on separate plants

Question 27

Adventitious shoots

Answer 27

Originate from the parent plant's root system and become separate shoot system Asexual reproduction

Question 28

Apomixis

Answer 28

The asexual production of seeds (no pollination) Asexual reproduction

Question 29

Benefit of asexual reproduction

Answer 29

It results in rapid production of genetically identical offspring

Question 30

Cons of asexual reproduciton

Answer 30

Offspring are vulnerable to local extinction if there is environmental change

Question 31

What is a common form of asexual reproduction in agriculture?

Answer 31

Cuttings

Question 32

Callus

Answer 32

A mass of dividing undifferentiated cells that form where a stem is cut and produces adventitious roots