Chapter 1 Fluid Flashcards
What moves through membrane easily (2) and what moves slowly (1)
Oxygen and co2
Water
How to calculate total body water
Weight in kg times 0.6= L
How much of TBW is intracellular
2/3, 40% of body weight
Of TBW how much is extra cellular
1/3 or 20%
What comprises extra cellular fluid, and what proportions
Interstitial fluid (75% of ECF, 15% TBW)
Plasma/intravascular fluid (25% ECF, 5% TBW)
Half of body weight is
Water inside cells
Red blood cells represented by
ICF
Plasma/extra cellular cations (2) and anions (3)
Na (140), K (5)
Cl- (104), HCO3- (24), A- (14)
A- refers to proteins that are anions
Interstitial fluid cations (2) and anions (2)
Na (145) and K (5)
Cl- (117), HCO3- (27)
Intracellular fluid cations (2) and anions (4)
K (135) Na (11)
Misc/phosphates (80), A- (54), HCO3- (10), Cl- (8)
Primary ECF cation, primary ICF cation
Sodium, potassium
Difference in cations between compartments maintained by what
Sodium (3) potassium (2) ATPases. Sodium out potassium in
At arterial end of capillary net force is what, and what happens
Higher net hydrostatic pressure +10, pushing out
What happens at venous end of capillary, net filtration
Pressure drops, higher net oncotic pressure -8, more pressure pulling back in
Conditions that cause edema
- high hydrostatic pressure venous end that won’t pull solutes back in (CHF-lungs, liver-spleen), right sided HF (feet)
- decrease oncotic pressure (portal hypertension in liver pts, not making albumin)
- damage to vessel lining- protein leak
- anaphylaxis (fluid from ICF to ISF leads to hypotension from vascular volume decrease)
- can’t drain interstitial fluid- lymph obstruction
Osmotic pressure in mmHg equals
Mosmoles/L X 19.3
Effect of adding water to ECF
ECF osmolarity dilutes, water moves to ICF (cells swell), overall osmolality decreases and volume increases by same amount
What happens when adding isotonic saline to ECF (plasma)
Osmolality stays the same, fluid stays in ECF, volume of ECF increases
What happens when adding hypertonic saline to ECF
ECF osmolality increases, fluid flows into ECF. Cells shrink in ICF. Volume of ECF increases and overall osmolality of both increase
How to calculate total number of solutes
Volume times osmolarity
How body generates intake of fluid on its own
Glucose plus oxygen makes water (burning fat or carbs) through oxidation
RAA System
- ___ ____ cells sense a decrease in BP and release ___
- __ converts ____ to Angiotensin I
- Angiotensin I converts to Angiotensin II via the __ __ __ in ___
- Angiotensin II promotes ___ and stimulates____ secretion from adrenal cortex resulting in
- __ ___ and ___ retention and an increase in BP
- Renal juxtoglomerular, renin
- Renin, angiotensinogen
- Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), lung
- Vasoconstriction, aldosterone
- Renal sodium, water
Need ____ to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Angiotensin I converted to II by ___
Renin
ACE enzyme
RAA system: _____ solves pressure issue, ____ solves volume issue
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
