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Physiology > Cv 2 Vessels > Flashcards

Cv 2 Vessels Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

When BP changes in respect to arterioles changing size

A

If 1 changes BP wont change. If all change- constrict, BP up, all relax, bp down

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2
Q

How much relative blood volume in veins

A

2/3

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3
Q

Why high CO is issue in anemia

A

Already low 02, high CO will lead to less time spent for oxygen exchange

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4
Q

Biggest players in vascular resistance and why

A

Arterioles- control flow

Capillaries- small size

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5
Q

Which organs get most flow (Q)

A

Heart 4%, but uses larger proportion of it than brain (gets 13%)

Liver and GI 24%, liver filters

Muscle 21%, increases if running

Kidney 20%, filters

Skin 18%

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6
Q

Which organs use 02 the most VO2

A

Brain, 21%. Uses less than heart per proportion (heart 11%)

Kidney is active, liver and gi average, skeletal muscle average

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7
Q

When running where does CO leave and go to

A

Leaves liver and GI, goes to muscles

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8
Q

How to calculate map:

P___ + (__-___ / ___)

A

Pdiastolic +

Systolic- diastolic
___________________
3

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9
Q

Can never have higher pressure on average higher than where

A

Inside of heart, farther away from hydrostatic pressure and lose it to gravity

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10
Q

Big drop in average pressure where

Small pressure drop

Almost no pressure drop

A

Arterioles

Capillaries

Veins

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11
Q

What is poiseueille’s law

A

R (resistance)=
N (viscosity) x L (tube length) x 8
____________________________
Pi x r (radius) ^4

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12
Q

Relationship to resistance

Radius

Tube length

pressure difference

A

Radius inc- less resistance, dec more resistance

Longer tube will have more resistance

More pressure difference less resistance.

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13
Q

What happens as radius doubles

A

Flow increases to a factor of 16 (r to 4th)

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14
Q

What happens as tube length doubles to flow

A

Flow cut in half, flow= 1/length

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15
Q

Flow= __ x ___ x __

A

Height of column
Density
Acceleration of gravity

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16
Q

What happens when height of one tube twice as high as other

A

Pressure twice as great, twice as much flow

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17
Q

What happens when tubes have same height of fluid (effect on flow)

A

Pressure difference is 0 so flow is 0

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18
Q

Flow in tube with length 1 vs tube with length 2

A

Flow twice as great in flow with length 1

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19
Q

What happens to flow as viscosity doubles

A

Flow cut in half

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20
Q

What happens when we double radius to flow

A

Increase flow by factor of 16

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21
Q

Where radius changes play into effect in physiology

When radius isn’t a limiting factor

A

Small changes in arterioles have big changes in flow and resistance downstream.

When volume isn’t full (flow of blood through vessel is limiting factor)

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22
Q

What happens to viscosity as hct increases

A

Viscosity increases

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23
Q

How SVR impacted by hematocrit

Study These Flashcards
A

Less hematocrit= easier to push= less SVR

Opposite for more SVR

Overall effect of viscosity

24
Q

What impacts viscosity in different areas of the body

What is lowest possible viscosity of blood

Study These Flashcards
A

Size of the vessel

Small tube- rbcs line up better, less viscosity than in larger tube

Same as plasma but has to be higher than that

25
Resistance through network is what in series
Same as the sum of the individual resistors
26
Resistance through network is what when in parallel
Sum of the reciprocal of the individual resistances
27
Relationship between velocity and area in vessels
Velocity is inverse of area
28
Which cross sectional area bigger: aorta or sum of its branches
Sum of its branches
29
What happens to velocity as aorta goes into branches What happens to velocity as capillaries form into veins
Velocity decreases, surface area increases Velocity increases, surface area decreases
30
Purpose of velocity decrease in capillaries
Spends more time there, better for diffusion
31
Which is bigger in area: Veins or arteries Arterioles or capillaries Aorta of vena cava
Veins Capillaries Vena cava
32
Effect of turbulent flow on pressure difference
Increase turbulence increases the pressure difference required to create flow (less flow at the same pressure difference as laminar flow)
33
Is flow greater in turbulent or laminar flow overall
Small amount bigger in turbulent
34
How laminar flow relates to vascular resistance
Lamina nearest wall doesnt move, next layer slides under if, velocity highest in center Larger tubes have higher mean velocity (more things are further away from the wall)
35
How to calculate reynolds number
= p density x d diameter x v velocity __________________ N viscosity
36
In a bigger tube more likely it will be turbulent if ___ increasing. Higher ___ means less likely to be turbulent
Velocity | Viscosity
37
___ molecules are more likely to be turbulent
Bigger
38
Reynolds what= laminar flow, what = turbulent
<2000 >2000
39
How driving pressure changes with low compliance
Need twice as much pressure, harder to fill when vessel doesn't push away and make room
40
How to calculate compliance
Change in volume divided by change in pressure
41
What is elastance How is compliance different
How hard something recoils after stretching Compliance is how hard it is to inflate something
42
What wall of aorta does in systole and diastole
Systole distends Diastole recoils
43
Do you want a fast or slow pulse wave and why
Want a slow one, means arteries are more compliant and dont shove all of blood in at once which is what non compliant vessels do
44
Vein and artery compliance comparison
Veins more compliant at low pressures, but at high pressures they are similar
45
What increasing pressure in smooth muscle does to compliance in vessel
Decreases it
46
How volume, pressure, compliance changes with age
Cant push same amount of volume with age, CO decreases because no place for left ventricle to put the blood. Higher pressure and less compliance
47
What happens to compliance as pressures increase
Flattens out, less compliant
48
How compliance affects pulse pressure
Higher compliance means lower pulse pressure
49
How heart rate affects pulse pressure Peripheral resistance increases with what
Lower hr- higher pulse pressure, diastolic time longer Higher hr- lower pulse pressure, more output. Mean pressure increase
50
Tension in wall depends on what
Diameter. Bigger diameter means more tension, smaller means more flaccid
51
Tension = what
Pressure times radius
52
Transmural pressure is what
Pressure inside minus pressure outside
53
Wall thickness ___ with increasing radius
Decreases
54
What happens to wall in aneurysm
High bp leads to them which leads to bigger radius, wall thinner where stretched with greater tension
55
Why small vessels can handle thin wall
Radius small, tension low, pressure low
56
What is flicks law of diffusion
``` D (diffusion constant) Times A (area of diffusion) Times delta P (pressure difference between two sides) Divided by D (distance over which area occurs) ```

Physiology (25 decks)

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