Flashcards in Hematology Deck (46):
1
Thrombosis
Thrombotic event
Formation of an inappropriate clot
Reason for forming a clot other than something from intravascular space moving to extra vascular space
2
Hypoxia vs ischemia
Hypoxia is decreased o2 tension in tissue
Ischemia is decreased o2 tension in vessel
3
Half of blood is what
Plasma
4
Plasma mostly what
7% is what
1% what
Water
Plasma proteins
Solutes
5
Plasma proteins
60%-
35%- and kinds/what they do
4%-
1%
Albumin (oncotic pressure)
Globulins (IGG, IGM, IGA), transfer ions/hormones/lipids/immunity
Fibrinogen, essential clotting factor (I)
Regulatory proteins
6
How much of blood sample is actually blood
What is in Buffy coat/percent
45%
1%, platelets and WBC
7
RBC
__-___ million
____ day life cycle
Shape
4.2-6.2
120
Non-uncleared cytoplasmic disc
8
Leukocytes
Have ___ unlike red cells
___-___ mm3
___ ___ ___ are ___ in structure even though they are immunocytes
Nucleus 5-10,000
Natural killer cells, granular
9
Growth factor that controls process of differentiation
G-CSF
10
PSC releases what for self renewal
Allows it to what
SCF, not rely on environment
11
Where hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis occurs in
Adults
Embryo
Red marrow in bone marrow
Spleen and liver
12
Multi lineage cytokines 3
Single lineage cytokines 3
SCF
GM-CSF
IL-6
G/M-CSF
EPO
TPO
13
Treating with SCF, GM CSF, IL 3, or IL 6 makes a PSC ___ or ___
Myeloid or lymphoid
14
GM CSF, IL 6, IL 3 lead to 3 kinds of stem cells
Granulocytes-macrophage stem cells
Megakaryocytic stem cells
Erythropoietic stem cells
15
GM CSF, G CSF, M CSF lead to 2
Granulocyte stem cells
Monocytic stem cells
16
GM CSF and g CSF LEAD TO 4
Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophils/mast cells
17
GM CSF and M CSF lead to 2
Monocytes and macrophages
18
TPO leads to 2
Megakaryocytes and platelets
19
IL 3 and IL 6 lead to 1
Lymphocytes
20
PSC to erythrocyte
1. PSC
2. Add ___
3. Committed proeryhtrocyte
4. Normoblast: ___shrinks/reabsorbed
5. ____: leaves marrow and enters blood. No ___
6. Erythrocyte
EPO
Nucleus
Reticulocyte, nucleus
21
Increase in hemoglobin= decrease in ____
Nucleus
22
Increased reticulocyte % could mean
Destroying cells to quickly
23
Which vitamin plays role in DNA synthesis and maturation. What deficiency leads to
B12, non functional red cells
24
___ ___ needed to make HGB
Amino acids
25
O blood has what on it
Create antibodies against what
H antigen
Blood type that you don't have
26
Which blood type doesn't make antibodies
AB
27
RH - means what
Rh + means what
No d protein
D protein
28
Granulocytes mature where
Agranulocyte mature where
Kinds of a granulocytes:
___ leads to ___. ___ leads to __ and __ cells
Bone marrow
Blood stream
Monocytes, macrophages
Lymphocytes, b and T cells
29
Thrombocytes
7-10 ___ life span
__-___ mm/3
___ can be used to make them, but ___ essential
Day
140,000-340,000
IL6, TPO
30
Platelets have ___ occurring in cell. Why ___ needed
Has ___ granules and ___ granules
Granules contain functional units for __ ___, active units, and ___ factors
Functions, mitochondria
Alpha, dense
Growth factors, clotting factors
31
___ granule release has to occur to form a clot
What layer is called to prevent platelet activation
Alpha
Calyx
32
____ used as indicator in anemia
MCV
33
Aspiration
Doesn't indicate ___ of ___
Can dx 4
Efficiency of activity
Anemia, leukemia, platelet disorders, immunoglobulin disorders
34
Biopsy
Maintains ___ ___
When ___ suggested, ___ marrow, more than 1 __ __ reduced
Cell structure
Tumors, fibrotic, cell type
35
Pets
Blood cell count compared to adults
__ml/kg full term neonate vs ___ml/kg adult
Higher
85 vs 75
36
Aged RBC
Life span:
Replaced more ___ because of ___
WBC
___ function decreases with age, due to 2
Platelets are more ____
Normal
Slowly, iron depletion/less absorp/less binding capacity
Lymphocyte, less T cell function and less responsive humoral system
Sticky
37
Exposure to ___ ___ activates ___
Basement membrane, platelets
38
___ stick to ___, how we get adhesions (platelets sticking to ___)
GP, VWF, wall
39
VWF released from where
Subendothelial matrix
40
Primary hemostasis
2 steps
Platelet plug and vasoconstriction
41
Secondary hemostasis
Why goes on here, ___ activated
Coagulation cascade, Roman numerals/clotting factors
42
___ __ formed at end of secondary hemostasis
Tertiary hemostasis
What happens
Blood clot
Fibrinolysis to break down clot
43
Thrombin starts as ____
Which form in secondary hemostasis, because it is __ by an enzyme
Prothrombin, thrombin, cleaved
44
Need __ __ to make clotting factors
What affects this
What heparin does
Vitamin k
Warfarin
Blocks factor 10, needed to form clots
45
Intrinsic arm 4
Extrinsic arm
Endothelium and subendothelial matrix, platelets, clotting factors
Anything released out of this system. Smooth muscle cell damage
46