Hematology

Question 1

Thrombosis

Thrombotic event

Answer 1

Formation of an inappropriate clot

Reason for forming a clot other than something from intravascular space moving to extra vascular space

Question 2

Hypoxia vs ischemia

Answer 2

Hypoxia is decreased o2 tension in tissue

Ischemia is decreased o2 tension in vessel

Question 3

Half of blood is what

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

Plasma mostly what

7% is what

1% what

Answer 4

Water

Plasma proteins

Solutes

Question 5

Plasma proteins

60%-

35%- and kinds/what they do

4%-

1%

Answer 5

Albumin (oncotic pressure)

Globulins (IGG, IGM, IGA), transfer ions/hormones/lipids/immunity

Fibrinogen, essential clotting factor (I)

Regulatory proteins

Question 6

How much of blood sample is actually blood

What is in Buffy coat/percent

Answer 6

45%

1%, platelets and WBC

Question 7

RBC

__-___ million
____ day life cycle
Shape

Answer 7

4.2-6.2
120
Non-uncleared cytoplasmic disc

Question 8

Leukocytes

Have ___ unlike red cells
___-___ mm3
___ ___ ___ are ___ in structure even though they are immunocytes

Answer 8

Nucleus 5-10,000

Natural killer cells, granular

Question 9

Growth factor that controls process of differentiation

Answer 9

G-CSF

Question 10

PSC releases what for self renewal

Allows it to what

Answer 10

SCF, not rely on environment

Question 11

Where hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis occurs in

Adults

Embryo

Answer 11

Red marrow in bone marrow

Spleen and liver

Question 12

Multi lineage cytokines 3

Single lineage cytokines 3

Answer 12

SCF
GM-CSF
IL-6

G/M-CSF
EPO
TPO

Question 13

Treating with SCF, GM CSF, IL 3, or IL 6 makes a PSC ___ or ___

Answer 13

Myeloid or lymphoid

Question 14

GM CSF, IL 6, IL 3 lead to 3 kinds of stem cells

Answer 14

Granulocytes-macrophage stem cells

Megakaryocytic stem cells

Erythropoietic stem cells

Question 15

GM CSF, G CSF, M CSF lead to 2

Answer 15

Granulocyte stem cells

Monocytic stem cells

Question 16

GM CSF and g CSF LEAD TO 4

Answer 16

Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophils/mast cells

Question 17

GM CSF and M CSF lead to 2

Answer 17

Monocytes and macrophages

Question 18

TPO leads to 2

Answer 18

Megakaryocytes and platelets

Question 19

IL 3 and IL 6 lead to 1

Answer 19

Lymphocytes

Question 20

PSC to erythrocyte

1. PSC
2. Add ___
3. Committed proeryhtrocyte
4. Normoblast: ___shrinks/reabsorbed
5. ____: leaves marrow and enters blood. No ___
6. Erythrocyte

Answer 20

EPO

Nucleus

Reticulocyte, nucleus

Question 21

Increase in hemoglobin= decrease in ____

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

Increased reticulocyte % could mean

Answer 22

Destroying cells to quickly

Question 23

Which vitamin plays role in DNA synthesis and maturation. What deficiency leads to

Answer 23

B12, non functional red cells

Question 24

___ ___ needed to make HGB

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

O blood has what on it Create antibodies against what

Answer 25

H antigen Blood type that you don't have

Question 26

Which blood type doesn't make antibodies

Answer 26

AB

Question 27

RH - means what | Rh + means what

Answer 27

No d protein | D protein

Question 28

Granulocytes mature where Agranulocyte mature where Kinds of a granulocytes: ___ leads to ___. ___ leads to __ and __ cells

Answer 28

Bone marrow Blood stream Monocytes, macrophages Lymphocytes, b and T cells

Question 29

Thrombocytes 7-10 ___ life span __-___ mm/3 ___ can be used to make them, but ___ essential

Answer 29

Day 140,000-340,000 IL6, TPO

Question 30

Platelets have ___ occurring in cell. Why ___ needed Has ___ granules and ___ granules Granules contain functional units for __ ___, active units, and ___ factors

Answer 30

Functions, mitochondria Alpha, dense Growth factors, clotting factors

Question 31

___ granule release has to occur to form a clot What layer is called to prevent platelet activation

Answer 31

Alpha Calyx

Question 32

____ used as indicator in anemia

Answer 32

MCV

Question 33

Aspiration Doesn't indicate ___ of ___ Can dx 4

Answer 33

Efficiency of activity Anemia, leukemia, platelet disorders, immunoglobulin disorders

Question 34

Biopsy Maintains ___ ___ When ___ suggested, ___ marrow, more than 1 __ __ reduced

Answer 34

Cell structure Tumors, fibrotic, cell type

Question 35

Pets Blood cell count compared to adults __ml/kg full term neonate vs ___ml/kg adult

Answer 35

Higher 85 vs 75

Question 36

Aged RBC Life span: Replaced more ___ because of ___ WBC ___ function decreases with age, due to 2 Platelets are more ____

Answer 36

Normal Slowly, iron depletion/less absorp/less binding capacity Lymphocyte, less T cell function and less responsive humoral system Sticky

Question 37

Exposure to ___ ___ activates ___

Answer 37

Basement membrane, platelets

Question 38

___ stick to ___, how we get adhesions (platelets sticking to ___)

Answer 38

GP, VWF, wall

Question 39

VWF released from where

Answer 39

Subendothelial matrix

Question 40

Primary hemostasis 2 steps

Answer 40

Platelet plug and vasoconstriction

Question 41

Secondary hemostasis Why goes on here, ___ activated

Answer 41

Coagulation cascade, Roman numerals/clotting factors

Question 42

___ __ formed at end of secondary hemostasis Tertiary hemostasis What happens

Answer 42

Blood clot Fibrinolysis to break down clot

Question 43

Thrombin starts as ____ | Which form in secondary hemostasis, because it is __ by an enzyme

Answer 43

Prothrombin, thrombin, cleaved

Question 44

Need __ __ to make clotting factors What affects this What heparin does

Answer 44

Vitamin k Warfarin Blocks factor 10, needed to form clots

Question 45

Intrinsic arm 4 Extrinsic arm

Answer 45

Endothelium and subendothelial matrix, platelets, clotting factors Anything released out of this system. Smooth muscle cell damage

Question 46

___ breaks down ___. Makes ___ which breaks down clot ___ is product of breaking down clot, can be inhibited by ___-1 What shuts down process of plasmin

Answer 46

Tpa, fibrin. Plasmin FDP, PAI-1 Anti plasmin