Chapter 2 Flashcards by Lani Manners

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Digestive system of cell, capable of breaking down worn out cell parts to recycle or foreign substances such as bacteria. Require pH of 5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tay-Sachs

lysosome enzyme is deficient

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peroxisomes degrade peroxides

free radical control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

By the time RBC has matured it still has its

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mitochondria are power plants by transforming

organic compounds into ATP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alzheimer affects the

cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when altitude increased there is still the same amount of O2 but

less pressure to push O2 into lungs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when under anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted into

lactic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

with O2 lactic acid is reconverted back to pyruvate and used directly for

energy to synthesize glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

aerobic supplies

90% of bodies energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

under anaerobic glycolysis breaks sugar into

2 ATP molecules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

after glycolysis H+ are put back on 2 carbon chunks which forms

lactic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in aerobic metabolism 2 carbon molecules enter mitochondria and

1 ATP is formed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ATP is produced in

mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

diffusion

uniform concentration molecules/particles move from high to low concentration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

osmosis

water moves through semi-permeable membrane from higher to lower concentration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

if you give IV of water the blood cells will

burst

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

messenger molecules attach to receptor protein on

cell surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

receptor proteins cause cell to respond by

opening/closing ion channel
causing a molecule to be released inside
turning on enzyme in cells
stimulating transcription of genes in nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

stimulus causes ___ channel to open

Na+

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

once reached threshold potential

more Na+ channels open

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the influx of Na+ causes the cell to become

depolarized (more positive)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

once action potential is reached

K+ diffuses out

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when K+ diffuses out this makes the cell

depolarized (more negative)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

action potential starts with

sodium

h2o makes up how much of the cytoplasm

70-85%

lipids combine with proteins to form the

cell membrane

electrolytes facilitate the generation and transmission of

electrochemical impulses in nerve and muscle

all eukaryotic cells have at least

one nucleus

nucleus contain

DNA

nucleus contains _____ which contain info for synthesis of proteins

Genes

nucleus is the site for

RNA synthesis

Tay-Sachs is a autosomal

recessive disorder

Tay Sachs disease is a lysosome enzyme deficient needed to degrade

GM2 ganglioside

RBC start out with all of their organelles but end up loosing lysosomes and small Golgi bodies why?

those organelles are not needed for the function of RBC which is to carry O2 and CO2

mitochondria contain their own

DNA

alzhemizers is a disrupted

cytoskeleton

plasma membrane is

semi permeable

plasma membrane has receptors for

hormones

plasma membrane participates in

electrical events in nerve and muscle cells

plasma membrane regulates

cell growth and proliferation

anaerobic metabolism includes

glycolysis

glycolysis liberates energy from glucose when

oxygen to the cell is delayed or impaired

aerobic occurs in the

mitochondria

in aerobic metabolism hydrogen and carbon molecules are broken down and combined with

O2 to form carbon dioxide and water

cyanide positing works by

binding enzymes needed for final step in the oxidative phosphorylation sequence

glycolic pathway occurs in

cytoplasm

in glycolysis breaking molecules involves the removal of

electrons

Krebs cycle occurs in

aerobic

aerobic metabolism is breaking molecules involves

removing electrons

facilitated diffusion works on what moleules

insulin and glucose

active transport example

Na/K ATPase Pump

endocytosis is made up of 2 processes

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

phagocytosis is cell

eating

pinocytosis is cell

drinking

exocytosis is

secretion of intracellular substances

ion channels are rapid movement facilitated through selective ion channels made up of

proteins

in ion channels specific stimuli cause protein subunits to undergo confromational changes to

open channels

example of ion channel is

slow channel calcium blockers

cell communication is accomplished by

chemical messenger systems

cell membrane receptors are made up of _______, _______, _________ _______ that help communicate

neurotransmitters, protein, peptide hormones

process of cell communication involves a messenger molecule attaches to

receptor protein on cell surface

membrane potential is

self generated electricity

changes in membrane potential are necessary for

generation and conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contraction

3 major cations involved with action potential

K+, Na+, Ca+

an action potential is the result of ____ movement into the cell

fertilized ovum undergoes a series of divisions forming

200 cell types

muscle and nervous tissue lose their ability to

undergo cell division

epithelial tissue

regenerate when injured

epithelial tissue can be simple which is

blood vessels, lymph nodes, alveoli

epithelial tissue can be stratified which is

more than one layer of cells

epithelial tissues can be transitional which is one example

urinary bladder

epithelial can also be glandular which

synthesize, store, secrete proteins, lipids, and complexes

connective tissues can be

blood, cartilage, bone

connective tissue also fills

spaces and forms layers encasing blood and lymph, provides mean to nourish tissues

skeletal and cardiac muscle cannot undergo

mitotic activity

smooth muscle can

proliferate and undergo mitotic activity

nerve cells are

highly differentiated

nerve cells are incapable of

regeneration

afferent nerve cells

toward CNS

efferent nerve cells

away from CNS

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(81 cards)