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Pathophysiology > Chapter 21-24 > Flashcards

Chapter 21-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

blood system incorporates all of the

A

blood cells, their precursors, bone marrow, lymphoid tissues

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2
Q

fluid/dissolved components of blood

A

water, proteins, small molecular substances

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3
Q

cellular elements of blood

A

red blood cells. thrombocytes/platelets, white blood cells

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4
Q

blood does

A

carries the cells that transport gases
aid in body defenses
prevent blood loss

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5
Q

all of the following are cellular components of blood except which one

A

mast cells

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6
Q

albumin makes up ___% of plasma proteins

A

54

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7
Q

albumin contributes

A

to the plasma osmotic pressure and the maintenance of blood volume

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8
Q

albumin serves as a

A

carrier for certain substances

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9
Q

globulins compose __% of plasma protiens

A

38

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10
Q

alpha globulins

A

transport bilirubin and sterioids

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11
Q

beta globulins

A

transport iron and copper

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12
Q

gamma globulins

A

constitute the antibodies of the immune system

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13
Q

fibrinogen makes up __% of plasma protiens

A

7

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14
Q

fibrinogen is converted to ____ in the clotting process

A

fibrin

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15
Q

platelets can also be referred to as

A

megakaryocyte

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16
Q

cytokines

A

regulate blood cells by stimulating proliferation, differentiations, and functional activation

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17
Q

erythropoietin is an example of

A

cytokine

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18
Q

erythropoietin is made in the

A

kidney

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19
Q

colony stimulating factors is an example if

A

cytokines

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20
Q

complete blood count provides information

A

regarding the number of blood cells and their structural and functional characteristics

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21
Q

granulocytes are ____ working

A

fast

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22
Q

neutrophils

A

neutralize bacteria

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23
Q

eosinophils

A

parasites and worms

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24
Q

basophils

A

allergic reactions, release histamine

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25
lymphocytes are _____ working
slow
26
lymphocyte examples
B and T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macropahges
27
B cells create
antibodies
28
T cells
control immune response
29
natural killer cells
kill antigenic cells
30
monocytes/macrophages
create inflammatory mediators
31
WBCs make up __% of total blood flow
1
32
WBC originate in
bone marrow
33
granulocytes are all
phagocytic
34
polymorphonuclear
nucleaus is in segements
35
segs are
segmented nucleus
36
what does it mean to have blasts circulating in the peripheral smear
not good, immature, means long term infection
37
bands?
immature WBC, nucleus is in a segment
38
what is shift to the left
mature blood cells are all used up so the body starts to use immature blood cells, this can cause a normal looking WBC count even though there are no mature WBC
39
marginating pool of WBC can be activated by
epinephrine, exercise, stress, corticosteroids
40
basophils are critical for
asthma
41
monocytes/macrophages are crucial in
chronic inflammation
42
what does a B lymphocyte do
create antibodies
43
platelets, monocytes, granular leukocytes, and erythrocytes all come from _____ stem cell
myeloid
44
T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells all come from _____ stem cells
lymphoid stem cells
45
more sexual partners you have the more
eosinophils
46
leukopenia is a
decrease in leukocytes in blood
47
neutropenia is
decreased neutrophils
48
agranulocytosis
virtual absence of WBC
49
biggest cause of leukopenia is
drug related
50
if a patient with infection becomes confused that is a sign of
sepsis
51
infectious mononucleosis comes from
epstein barr virus
52
symptoms of infectious mononucleosis
prodromal malaise, anorexia, chills, fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy
53
leukemia
blood cancer
54
leukemia is a malignant neoplasm of the
hematopoietic stem cells
55
leukemias diffuse replacement of bone marrow with
unregulated, proliferation, immature neoplastic cells
56
leukemia causes bone pain and risk of fractures why
b/c bone marrow is replaced with immature bone cells and also this is a rapid growth so you have bone pressire
57
leukemia causes immune suppression and anemia because
the immature bone cells cannot make proper RBC and WBC
58
Hodgkins is caused by
unknown
59
Hokgkins is painless progressive
enlargement of lymph nodes
60
stages of hodgkins
stage A, B and advanced
61
stage A of hodgkins
painless and non sympthoms
62
stage B of hodgkins
significant weight loss, fevers, pruritus, night sweats
63
pruritus
itching
64
advanced stages of hodgkins
fatigue, anemia, and other systems are involved
65
nonhodgkins involves the
B/T cell origin
66
multiple myeloma affects
elderly people
67
main electrolyte present in multiple myeloma is
hypercalcemia
68
main symptom of multiple myeloma
bone pain
69
GPIIb/IIIa glycoprotein function
covers outside of the platelet and allows the platelet to stick with other platelets to form a clot
70
calcium plays a key role in clotting because
its involved with almost all clotting factors
71
where does von willebrand factor get synthesised at
endothelial cells
72
platelets are made from
thrombopoietin
73
vessel spasm is caused by
thromboxane A2
74
glycoprotein receptor antagonists are used for
MI
75
vit K is required for synthesis of
prothrombin, factors VII, IX, X and protein C
76
blood clotting factors are synthesized in the
liver
77
plasminogen is converted to plasmin and this digests
fibrin strands as well as clotting factors
78
plasminogen
breaks up a clot
79
plasminogen activator inhibitor may have a role in
DVT and MI
80
example of hypercoagulability is
CANCER
81
hyper coagulability can be caused by
increased platelet number, platelet aggregation, endothelial damage, increased pro coagulation factors, decreased anticoagulation factors
82
endothelial injury can be caused by
atherosclerotic plaques that disturb flow, cause endothelial damage and promote platelet adherence

Pathophysiology (44 decks)

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