Chapter 7

Question 1

allostasis

Answer 1

a difference between the perceived situation and desired situation causes person to take action
cognitive activation theory of stress

Question 2

three stages of stress

Answer 2

alarm stage
resistance stage
stage of exhaustion

Question 3

a increase in cortisol causes a decrease in

Answer 3

immunity

Question 4

what is the stress hormone

Answer 4

cortisol

Question 5

cortisol release causes an increase in

Answer 5

blood glucose

Question 6

cortisol release causes a decrease in

Answer 6

hormone production
bone formation
red and white blood cell production

Question 7

cortisol release causes stronger _______ system effect on heart rate

Answer 7

sympathetic

Question 8

why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels

Answer 8

glucose provides energy

Question 9

stressors are the

Answer 9

events or environmental agents responsible for initiating the stress response

Question 10

two factors determine the nature of the stress response

Answer 10

properties of the stressor and the conditioning of the person being stressed

Question 11

locus ceruleus

Answer 11

densely populated with neurons that produce NE and is thought to be the centra integrating site for the ANS response

Question 12

locus cerulean confers what response

Answer 12

fight or flight

Question 13

where is cortisol secreted from

Answer 13

adrenal glands

Question 14

DRF from hypothalamus induces secretion of

Answer 14

ACTH from anterior pituitary

Question 15

ACTH stimulates the

Answer 15

adrenal gland to release cortisol

Question 16

there is a wide variety of other hormones including

Answer 16

growth, thyroid, and reproductive that are responsive to stressful situations

Question 17

ADH

Answer 17

increases water retention by the kidneys, produces vasoconstriction of blood vessels, and synergies CRFs capacity to increase the release of ACTH plus RAA

Question 18

effects of stress on the immune system

Answer 18

decreased immune production
decreased thymus activity
changes in the kind go immune cells produced

Question 19

physiology response to stress

Answer 19

laying down and standing up

Question 20

adaptation implies that an individual has successfully created a

Answer 20

new balance between the stressor and the ability to deal with it

Question 21

under stress what hormones are inhibited

Answer 21

reproductive hormones

Question 22

what plays a significant role in reducing stress related physiologic consequences

Answer 22

oxytocin

Question 23

feedback control systems regulate

Answer 23

cellular function and integrate the function of the various body systems

Question 24

most control systems operate by

Answer 24

negative feedback

Question 25

ex of negative feedback

Answer 25

increase in glucose stimulates an increase in insulin which enhances the removal of glucose from the blood

Question 26

body response to stress (by Selye)

Answer 26

adrenal enlargement, thyme atrophy, gastric ulcerations

Question 27

Selye made GAS which stands for

Answer 27

general systemic reaction adaptive because the response was in reaction to stress syndrome because manifestations were coordinated and deponent on each other

Question 28

3 stages of stress

Answer 28

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 29

alarm stage of stress

Answer 29

generalized stimulation of SNS and the HPA axis resulting in the release of catecholamines and cortisol

Question 30

resistance stage of stress

Answer 30

body selects the most effective and economic channel of defense. cortisol levels decrease

Question 31

exhaustion stage of stress

Answer 31

stressor is prolonged or overwhelms the ability of the body to defend itself

Question 32

when cortisol increases so dose

Answer 32

Blood GLUCOSE

Question 33

increase in stress decrease in

Answer 33

immunity

Question 34

cortisol causes signs and symptoms of

Answer 34

chronic stress

Question 35

cortisol alters

Answer 35

glucose, fat, protein metabolism

Question 36

cortisol supresses

Answer 36

inflammatory and immune responses

Question 37

cortisol has a stronger sympathetic effect on

Answer 37

heart rate

Question 38

cortisol decreases nonessential energy using activities like

Answer 38

hormone production, bone formation, red and white blood cell production

Question 39

why does cortisol production result in increased blood glucose levels

Answer 39

glucose provides energy

Question 40

stressors are the

Answer 40

events or environmental agents responsible for initiating stress response, can be endogenous or exogenous

Question 41

stress response is meant to be protective if hyperactive

Answer 41

immunosuppression can become a threat to homeostasis

Question 42

RAS modulates

Answer 42

mental alertness, ANS and skeletal muscle tone

Question 43

steps to get cortisol

Answer 43

hypothalamus > releases CRF > goes to anterior pituitary > releases ACTH > acts on adrenal glands > synthesize and secrete cortisol

Question 44

cortisol is what type of hormone

Answer 44

glucocorticoid

Question 45

effects of stress on the immune system

Answer 45

decreased immune cell production decreased thymus activity changes in the kind of cells produced