Chapters 10-12 Quiz

Question 1

Microflora serve a useful function for their host. These include:
Aiding in the digestion of food
Producing vitamins such as vitamin K
Protecting host from colonization with pathogenic microbes
All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

A prion is:

Answer 2

host protein lacking a genome that causes neurodegenerative disease

Question 3

The immune system consists of:

Answer 3

the bone marrow, thymus gland, lymphoid organs, spleen, and T and B lymphocytes

Question 4

What are the self components that the immune system uses to distinguish self from nonself?

Answer 4

Major histocompatibility molecules

Question 5

Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are found on:

Answer 5

all nucleated cells of the body-allows them to alert immune system of any changes

Question 6

Which cells in the body are activated to engulf and digest foreign particles and are involved early in the host response to ensure amplification of inflammation and initiation of specific immunity?

Answer 6

Macrophages

Question 7

Differentiation of T lymphocytes occurs in the:

Answer 7

thymus

Question 8

Which type of lymphocyte participates in the development of humoral immunity through the production of antibodies?

Answer 8

B lymphocytes

Question 9

Clusters of differentiation (CD) are:

Answer 9

surface proteins that used as recognition markers for the various types of T and B cells

Question 10

Cytokines can be described as:

Answer 10

intercellular protein messenger molecules that regulate the movement, proliferation, and differentiation of immune and other cells

Question 11

The immunoglobulins are produced by

Answer 11

B cells

Question 12

Which one of the following classes of immunoglobulins cross the placenta? Hint this immunoglobulin Goes across the placenta.

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

The most abundant humorally circulating immunoglobulin is

Answer 13

IgG

Question 14

Which one of the following types of immunoglobulins is involved in allergic and hypersensitivity responses?

Answer 14

IgE

Question 15

Which cell in the immune system is considered the the master switch ?

Answer 15

CD4+ helper T cells

Question 16

Which immunoglobulins protect newborns by passing through the placenta?

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

Which immunoglobulins protect moist mucous membranes in the body as a first line of defense against infection? Rationale for breast feeding.

Answer 17

IgA

Question 18

Which one of the following is an example of active immunity?
Protection against infections that is passed from mother to infant through the placenta
Protection afforded by flu vaccine
Protection afforded against hepatitis by an injection of pooled gamma globulin
Protection afforded to an infant from a motherâ s breast milk

Answer 18

Protection afforded by flu vaccine

Question 19

The complement system could best be described as a system of:

Answer 19

inactive circulating precursor proteins that function as a mediator of both innate and adaptive immunity: produces inflammation and increases phagocytosis

Question 20

Which cells differentiate to form antibody-producing plasma cells and cell-mediated immunity cells?

Answer 20

lymphocytes

Question 21

The mediators involved in allergic responses are released from:

Answer 21

mast cells or basophils

Question 22

Type I (atopic) hypersensitivity immune responses include:

Answer 22

hay fever and bronchial asthma

Question 23

Autoimmune diseases have the following characteristics:
disorders in MHC
superantigens
molecular mimicry
heredity and gender play a key role
All of the above are related to autoimmune diseases

Answer 23

all of the above

Question 24

The cell surface antigen that determines whether transplanted tissue is recognized as foreign are the MHC antigens. These are specifically called

Answer 24

Human leukocytes antigens(HLA)

Question 25

AIDS is caused by the:

Answer 25

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 26

Which statement regarding HIV/AIDS is INCORRECT? Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected HIV infected person can transmit the virus even when no symptoms are present and the antibody test is negative. Risk of transmission during transfusions has virtually been eliminated Occupational HIV infections among health care workers are common

Answer 26

Occupational HIV infections among health care workers are common (they are actually very low)

Question 27

HIV is spread through:

Answer 27

blood, sexual contact, maternal-placental circulation, and breast milk

Question 28

The HIV virus directly infects the:

Answer 28

CD4+ lymphocytes

Question 29

HIV is transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT: mucous membrane contact with HIV in semen blood transfusions (prior to 1985) containing HIV mucous membrane exposure to vaginal or cervical secretions of someone infected by HIV insect vectors in crowded living conditions in which people have HIV

Answer 29

insect vectors in crowded living conditions in which people have HIV

Question 30

HIV is NOT transmitted from an infected mother to her baby by:

Answer 30

genetic transmission at conception

Question 31

Opportunistic infections are:

Answer 31

infections involving usually harmless microorganisms that develop in persons with compromised immune function

Question 32

The acute primary infection or primary phase of HIV:

Answer 32

is a mononucleosis-like syndrome with fever, myalgias, malaise, sore throat, nausea, lymphadenopathy, night sweats, and rash.

Question 33

When the immune system reaches a point of being severely compromised by HIV: opportunistic infections occur malignancies appear persons with a history of a positive tuberculin test are likely to develop tuberculosis all of the above

Answer 33

all of the above

Question 34

Virulence factors are substances or products generated by infectious agents that enhance their ability to cause disease. Endotoxins are complex molecules found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for:

Answer 34

Activation of regulatory systems that may induce hypotension, fever, bleeding

Question 35

T and B lymphocytes have all of the following properties EXCEPT:

Answer 35

automaticity

Question 36

The lymph nodes:

Answer 36

assist in removing foreign materials from the lymph channels and are centers for immune cell proliferation

Question 37

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect:

Answer 37

the presence of HIV DNA

Question 38

The development of memory loss, difficulty concentrating, euphoria, and lethargy suggests:

Answer 38

AIDS dementia complex(ADC)

Question 39

Adaptive or specific immune mechanisms include protection afforded by:

Answer 39

cell-mediated immunity

Question 40

The immune responses related to T lymphocyte function (activation of other T and B cells, control of viral infections, rejection of foreign tissue grafts, delayed hypersensitivity reactions) are called:

Answer 40

cellular immunity

Question 41

The absence of an immune response directed against a personâ s own antigens is called:

Answer 41

anergy

Question 42

The window period of HIV infection refers to the period of time between:

Answer 42

infection and detectable antibody levels