Unit 14 Practice Quiz

Question 1

Which one of the following types of bone cells is responsible for building bone matrix?

Answer 1

osteoblasts

Question 2

The periosteum is the:

Answer 2

outer fibrous covering of bone

Question 3

Cartilage is a firm but flexible type of connective tissue. All of the following statements about cartilage are true EXCEPT:
- it is essential for growth before and after birth
- it is found in the articular surfaces in adults
- it has a smooth and resilient surface
- it is well supplied with blood vessels and nerves

Answer 3

it is well supplied with blood vessels and nerves

Question 4

In growing bone, the metaphysis is separated from the epiphysis by:

Answer 4

the cartilaginous growth plate

Question 5

Which one of the following serves to connect muscles to bones?

Answer 5

tendons

Question 6

Which statement related to synovial fluid is FALSE?
- It clots easily because of the number of platelets in it
- It facilitates the movement of the articulating surfaces of the joint
- It is slippery with the consistency of egg whites
- The composition is altered by inflammation

Answer 6

It clots easily because of the number of platelets in it

Question 7

The referral of pain from one joint to another is related to the fact that:

Answer 7

each joint of an extremity is innervated by all the peripheral nerves that cross the joint

Question 8

A sprain involves:

Answer 8

injury to the ligamentous structures that support a joint

Question 9

Healing of dense connective tissue:

Answer 9

involves fibroblasts that produce collagen

Question 10

A fatigue, or stress fracture, is caused by:

Answer 10

repeated wear on a bone

Question 11

A comminuted fracture is characterized by:

Answer 11

an injury in which the bone is broken into more than two pieces

Question 12

Common early manifestations of fracture include all of the following EXCEPT:
- swelling at fracture site
- deformity of the affected site
- loss of sensation in affected extremity
- loss of function at the affected site

Answer 12

loss of sensation in affected extremity

Question 13

Which type of fracture is usually accompanied by the greatest blood loss?

Answer 13

Pelvis and long bones!!!!!

Question 14

The main reason for applying a cast with a joint in partial flexion is to prevent:

Answer 14

deformities such as contractures and dislocations

Question 15

Factors that affect bone healing include:

Answer 15

the nature of the injury, degree of immobilization, and local factors such as blood flow

Question 16

The compartment syndrome involves:

Answer 16

nerve and blood vessel compression caused by swelling of tissues enclosed within muscle fascia

Question 17

Early signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:
- severe pain that is out of proportion to the original injury
- burning and tingling over the leg
- diminished reflexes and difficulty in moving toes
- absent peripheral pulses

Answer 17

absent peripheral pulses (last sign before amputation, not an early sign)

Question 18

A life-threatening complication of a fracture is:

Answer 18

fat embolism

Question 19

A frequent early symptom of fat emboli is:

Answer 19

disorientation or subtle change in behavior

Question 20

The most common cause of osteomyelitis is:

Answer 20

direct contamination of an open wound

Question 21

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis:

Answer 21

results from the localization of a blood-borne infection in the bone

Question 22

The hallmark of chronic osteomyelitis is:

Answer 22

the presence of infected dead bone

Question 23

During the first 2 decades of life, the skeleton undergoes general overall growth. Growth of the long bones of the body occurs at the:

Answer 23

epiphyseal growth plate

Question 24

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a generic disorder characterized by defective:

Answer 24

synthesis of type I collagen

Question 25

Manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta include

Answer 25

- thin and poorly developed bones that are prone to multiple fractures - hearing loss caused by osteosclerosis that occurs in adults - abnormal tooth development

Question 26

The major symptoms of osteosarcoma are:

Answer 26

persistent pain that becomes worse at night, unexplained swelling over a bone, and increased skin warmth over a bone

Question 27

The most common type of malignant lesions of bone is:

Answer 27

metastatic lesion

Question 28

Which statement is FALSE in relationship to osteoporosis? - Bone mass is positively correlated with the amount of skin pigmentation - Osteoporosis is rare in children - Estrogen suppresses bone resorption, which explains the decline in bone loss at menopause - Cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion, and high-protein diets are risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 28

Osteoporosis is rare in children

Question 29

Osteoporosis is evidenced by:

Answer 29

loss of trabeculae from cancellous bone and thinning of the outer compact cortical bone

Question 30

Prevention of osteoporosis focuses on:

Answer 30

- regular exercise - adequate calcium intake - appropriate estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

Question 31

Which one of the following conditions predisposes to the development of osteonecrosis?

Answer 31

- corticoid steroid therapy - sickle cell disease - fractured hip

Question 32

Characteristic pathologic changes that occur in rheumatoid arthritis include:

Answer 32

development of extensive network of blood vessels in the synovial membrane

Question 33

The most frequently affected joints initially are the:

Answer 33

fingers, hands, wrists, knees, feet

Question 34

In a person with rheumatoid arthritis of the knees, the bulge sign is used to detect the presence of:

Answer 34

excess synovial fluid

Question 35

Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on criteria that focus on:

Answer 35

symmetrical joint swelling, swelling of three or more joints, morning stiffness, and the presence of rheumatoid nodule

Question 36

Pannus-Select the features that are TRUE.

Answer 36

- A feature of RA that differentiates it from other forms of inflammatory arthritis - The inflammatory cells found in pannus have a destructive effecct on the adjacent cartilage and bone - Eventually develops between joing margins leading to reduced joint motion and ankylosis - The destructive vascular granulation tissue extendsfrom the synovium to involve unprotected bone

Question 37

Systemic lupus erythematosus:

Answer 37

- it is chronic systemic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation of autoantibodies - is a form of autoimmune arthritis - affects almost every organ in the body, including the musculoskeletal system

Question 38

The reason that persons with systemic lupus erythematosus are instructed to avoid sunlight is that sunlight:

Answer 38

may trigger exacerbations of the disease

Question 39

A type of autoantibody found in about 95% of persons with systemic lupus erythematosus is an:

Answer 39

antinuclear antibody (ANA)

Question 40

Androgens appear to protect and estrogens seem to favor the development of:

Answer 40

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 41

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative form of joint disease that is that is characterized by:

Answer 41

degenerative changes of the joint cartilage

Question 42

Osteoarthritis is thought to result from an imbalance between:

Answer 42

proteases and their inhibitors which contribute to disease progression

Question 43

The manifestations of osteoarthritis include all EXCEPT: - pain that worsens with activity and is relieved with rest - localized stiffness - fever and systemic signs of inflammation - crepitus and grinding sounds when the joint is moved

Answer 43

fever and systemic signs of inflammation

Question 44

A basketball player fell awkwardly when attempting to claim a rebound, a mishap that resulted in a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament of his left knee. What characteristic of ligaments makes them particularly susceptible to injury?

Answer 44

Ligaments are incapable of stretching when exposed to unusual stress.

Question 45

What role do osteoblasts play in the physiology of bone tissue?

Answer 45

Synthesis and secretion of bone matrix

Question 46

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the anatomy and physiology of the bone marrow?

Answer 46

Hematopoiesis takes place in red bone marrow

Question 47

what mineral do osteocytes and osteoclasts maintain

Answer 47

calcium

Question 48

osteoclasts reabsorb

Answer 48

bone matrix