Chapter 29 Flashcards by Lani Manners

glottis

elongated opening between true vocal cords

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epiglottis

large left shaped cartilage, covers larynx during swallowing

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the right bronchi is

straighter and less angled

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lungs are active is __ exchange function

gas

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lungs also inactivate _______ substances such as bradykinin

vasoactive

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the lungs convert _________1 to _________2

angiotensin

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lungs serve as a reservoir for _______ storage

blood

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________ producing cells are particularly abundant in the capillaries of the lung where small clots may be trapped

heparin

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type 1 alveolar cells are used for

gas exhange

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alveolar type II cells produce ______ which is a lipoprotein substance that decreases surface tension in alveoi

surfactant

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pulmonary circulation provides for

gas exchange function

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bronchial circulation distributes blood

to conduction airways and supporting tissues

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bronchial circulation also ____ and ________

warms, humidifies

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precent of O2 in atomosphere

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intrapleural pressure is always _______

negative (subatmospheric)

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forced expiration against a closed glottis is called

Valsalva

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valsalva compresses air in thoracic cavity and produces marked _______ in intrathoracic and intrapleural pressure

increases

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what is the principle muscle of inspiration

diaphragm

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the diaphragm is innervated by what nerve

phrenic

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where does the phrenic nerve come from

C3-C5

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expiration is mainly ______

passive

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lung compliance

ease with which the lungs can be inflated

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lung compliance descrive the change in lung _______ that can be accomplished

volume

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which diseases have DECREASE in compliance?

ARDS

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which disease have INCREASED compliance?

Emphasema

surfactant is secreted by what cells

type 2

Poiseuille's law states that resistance to flow is _______ related to the radius

inversely

impact of bronchospasm and secretions can have a marked _______ in airway resistance

increase

COPD expiration tip

pursed lip breathing is good!

dysmthya is

FEELING of not breathing

vital capacity

breathing all the way in and out

what device tells us the FEV1 and FEV2

peak flow meter

FEV1 is

air forced out in first second

FEV is equivalent to

vital capacity

you use FEV to diagnosis

lung disease

in normal FEV1 is ___L, when total is 5L

in obstructive FEV1 is __L when total is 3L

1.2

in restrictive FEV1 is __L when total is 3L

2.7

deadspace

air not participating with gas exhange

perfusion with out ventilation happens when there is a blockage stoping air or blood

air

ventilation without perfusion happens when there us a blockage stopping air or blood

blood

perfusion

ability to drive blood passed alveolar capillary bed

some diseases that interrupt ventilation

drug overdose or lack of muscles

match of ventilation to perfusion that ensures we have enough O2 and get rid of

CO2

an example of ventilation without perfusion is

pulmonary embolism

the issue with ventilation with out perfusion is

the lung sounds may be good

shunt

perfusion without ventilation, unoxygenated blood returning to the left side of the heart

shunting happens when the alveoli is

collapsed

in shunting the perfusion is good or bad

good

an example of a disease with shunting is

ARDS

PO2 is measured dissolved or bound to hemoglobin

dissolved

normal PO2 is

greater than 80

normal oxyhemoglobin is

95-97%

T/F: the relationship between PCO2 and pH is direct

F IT IS INDIRECT

oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

changes the affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin and affects how easily oxygen is released, shift to left and right

hemoglobin is what kind of protein

enzyme

pH and temp can ________ hemoglobin

denature

a shift to the left causes the oxygen to be released faster or slower

faster

a shift to the right causes the oxygen to be released faster or slower

slower

an example of shift to the right is

cold

which patient is more hypoxemic Patient A: PO2 100mmHG, hemoglobin is 4 patient B: PO2 50mmHg, hemoglobin 12

patient a because they may have a goof PO2 but there is not a lot of hemoglobin to deliver oxygen to tissues

control of breathing is influenced by

pons, medulla, chemoreceptors, lung receptors

what interferes with cough reflex

disease conditions, bedrest, NG tube

central chemoreceptors measure

PCO2 and pH

peripheral chemoreceptors measure

Po2

peripheral chemoreceptors measure

Po2

where do central chemoreceptors measure PCO2 and pH

cerebrospinal fluid

where do peripheral chemoreceptors measure PO2

arterial blood

central chemoreceptors increase respiration when

PCO2 increases or pH decreases

Peripheral chemoreceptors increase respiration when

PO2 <60mmHg

if you have a COPD patient why do you not give them a lot of oxygen

because his body thought he was doing fine which leads to unconsciousness and increased CO2

somethings that can increase respiratory rate

anxiety, medication, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, pain, SHOCK

Chapter 29 Flashcards

(72 cards)