a reactive release of chemical mediators that produce bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, capillary permeability, and increased mucus production leading to airway and resp compromise and hypoperfusion
anaphylactic reaction - anaphylaxis
a shock (hypoperfusion) state that results from dilated and leaking blood vessels related to severe allergic reaction
anaphylactic shock
the bodys defense mechanism against invasion by foreign substances
immune system
a foreign substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response
antigen
a substance (antigen) that enters the body by ingestion, injection, inhalation, or absorption and triggers an allergic reaction
allergen
production of antibodies by the immune system to fight off invasion by foreign substances
immune response
a misdirected and excessive response by the immune system to a foreign substance or an allergen.
allergic reaction
special proteins produced by the immune system that search out antigens and combine with and help to destroy them
antibodies
a state of altered reactivity to an antigen, or foreign substance, that causes allergic reactions to that substance
hypersensitivity
exposure to an allergen that results in hypersensitivity to that allergen
sensitization
the primary chemical mediator released from the mast cells in an anaphylactic reaction
histamine
a reaction to a foreign substance that resembles an anaphylactic reaction that may occur on first exposure to the substance, without immune system sensitization
anaphylactoid (non-IgE-mediated) reaction
the type of antibody that is produced specific to anaphylaxis is called _________
immunoglobin E - abbreviated as IgE
the life-threatening signs and symptoms seen in anaphylactic reactions are produced by _____, ______, and ______.
bronchoconstriction
increased capillary permeability
vasodilation
an antibody may enter the body by: 1 2 3 4
injection
ingestion
inhalation
contact (absorption)
most common causes of anaphylactic reactions are:
venom food pollen meds exercise temp latex
generalized feeling of weakness or discomfort
malaise
placement of a tube down the trachea to facilitate airflow into the trachea and lungs
endotracheal intubation
raised, red blotches associated with allergic and anaphylactic reactions
hives
S/S: rhinitis (stuffy, itchy, runny nose) tachycardia pruritus (itching) that is localized or diffuse faintness or light-headedness warm, flushed skin (skin can appear pale) agitation or anxiousness urticaria (hives) edema
anaphylaxis
the drug of choice for emergency treatment of a systemic allergic reaction to insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, and other antigens.
epinephrine
alpha 1
causes vessels to constrict
alpha 2
regulates amount of vasoconstriction
beta 1
increases HR
force of contraction
and speed of electrical impulses
beta 2
causes bronchiole smooth muscle dilation