Chapter 38 - Pediatrics Flashcards Preview

EMT - Basic - Prehostpital Emergency Care 10th Edition > Chapter 38 - Pediatrics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 38 - Pediatrics Deck (41)
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1
Q

age range classification:

neonate

A

0-4 weeks

2
Q

age range classification:

infant

A

1 mo - 1 year

3
Q

age range classification:

toddler

A

1-3y/o

4
Q

age range classification:

preschooler

A

3-6y/o

5
Q

age range classification:

school-age

A

6-12y/o

6
Q

age range classification:

adolescent

A

12-18y/o

7
Q

obligate nose breather

A

breathing through the nose not the mouth

8
Q

newborn:

HR/RR

A

140 bpm

40/min

9
Q

1-4y/o:

HR/RR

A

120 bpm

30/min

10
Q

4-12y/o:

HR/RR

A

100 bpm

20/min

11
Q

> 12 y/o

HR/RR

A

80 bpm

15/min

12
Q

1-4 week BP:

A

60 systolic

13
Q

1mo - 1 year BP:

A

70 systolic

14
Q

1y - 10y BP:

A

median normal 80 + (2x years in age)

15
Q

infants “soft spot”

A

fontanelle

16
Q

sunken fontanelle indicates:

A

dehydration

17
Q

bulging fontanelle indicates:

A

increased pressure within the skull

18
Q

the anterior fontanelle typically closes between ____ and ____ months

A

12 and 18

19
Q

the posterior fontanelle typically closes by _____months

A

2

20
Q

in infants and young children, intercostal muscle retractions will be seen in _______

A

mild resp distress

21
Q

in infants and young children, substernal, supraclavicular, and sternal retractions would indicate _________

A

severe resp distress

22
Q

since infections can cause both airway swelling and increased secretions in the airways and lungs, infants typically _______ to try to keep their airways and lungs open

A

grunt

23
Q

pediatric patients are at a significant risk for the development of acute hypoglycemia because:

1

2

3

4

A

poor glucose stores

inability to stimulate release of glucose stores from an immature liver

an increased metabolic rate, results in the utilization of large quantities of glucose

a known hist of diabetes

24
Q

the three sides of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT):

A

appearance

work of breathing

circulation of skin

25
Q

pediatric advanced life support (PALS) pt assessment:

A

consciousness

breathing

color

26
Q

characteristics to assess under each PAT category:

TICLS

A

tone (muscle tone/movement)

interactivity and irritability

consolability

look or gaze

speech or cry

27
Q

if a child is sleeping and wakes to stimulus, becomes irritable and shakes, and reverts immediately to sleep when stimulus is removed, you should suspect___________.

A

poor brain perfusion

28
Q

a high-pitched cry is associated with _______.

A

brain injury

29
Q

the glassy-eyed look is often seen in __________.

A

brain injury or infection

30
Q

_______ typically indicaties collapsing bronchioles or fluid-filled alveoli.

A

grunting

31
Q

______ is indicative of upper airway edema or partial obstruction.

A

stridor

32
Q

________ or _________ typically indicates swelling of the laryngeal tissue.

A

muffled speech or hoarseness

33
Q

extreme resp effort that draws the chest inward and forces the abdomen outward

A

seesaw breathing

34
Q

infants and children should be ventilated at a rate of _______ per minute

A

20-25

35
Q

inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children, associated with infection and causing breathing difficulties, is accompanied by a low grade fever, and is most common in children between 6mo and 4 years of age. child is typically hoarse, coughs with a harsh “seal bark” and produces stridor with inhalation.

A

croup

36
Q

caused by a bacterial infection that inflames and causes swelling of the epiglottis

A

epiglottitis

37
Q

s/s:

pain on swallowing

high fever - “toxic” ill-appearing child

drooling

mouth breathing

changes in voice quality and pain upon speaking

tripod

chin and neck thrust outward

inspiratory stridor

resp distress

A

epiglottits

38
Q

long-term inflammatory process that targets the lower airways. this inflammation is characterized by increased production of mucus and an acute narrowing or the airways through inflammation of airway tissue, leading to swelling within the airways. produces wheezing heard upon ascultation

A

asthma

39
Q

caused when the mucosal layer within the bronchioles in the lungs becomes inflamed by a viral infection.

A

bronchiolitis

40
Q

the presenting symptoms of CHD (congenital heart disease) in the infant or child are:

1

2

OR

3

A

inadequate pulmonary blood flow resulting in cyanosis and hypoxia

excessive pulmonary blood flow resulting in congestive heart failure, hypoperfusion, and systemic shock

resp distress with or without cyanosis or shock

41
Q

s/s:

unresponsive

gasping or no respiratory sounds

no audible heart sounds

chest that is not moving

pallor or cyanosis

absent pulses

A

cardiac arrest

Decks in EMT - Basic - Prehostpital Emergency Care 10th Edition Class (44):