Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
(61 cards)
the primary responsibilities of the lymphocytes in the lymphatic system are to respond to the presence of…
- invading pathogens
- abnormal body cells
- foreign particles
the anatomical barriers and defense mechanism that cannot distinguish one potential threat from another are called…
innate (nonspecific) defenses
the major components of the lymphatic system include…
lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymphoid organs
lymphoid organs found in the lymphatic system include…
spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes
the primary function of the lymphatic system is…
production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
lymphocytes that assist in the regulation and coordination of the immune response are…
helper T and suppressor T cells
normal lymphocyte populations are maintained through lymphopoiesis in the…
red bone marrow and lymphatic tissues
the largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body is contained within the…
adult spleen
the reticular epithelial cells in the cortex of the thymus maintain the blood-thymus barrier and secrete the hormones that…
stimulate stem cell divisions and T-cell differentiation
what includes only innate defenses?
hair, skin, complement, inflammation, phagocytosis
the protective categories that prevent the approach of, deny entrance to, or limit the spread of microorganism or other environmental hazards are called…
nonspecific defenses
natural killer cells sensitive to the presence of abnormal cell membranes are primarily involved with….
immunological surveillance
a physical barrier such as the epithelial covering of the skin provides effective immunity due to its makeup, which includes…
- multiple layers
- a keratin coating
- a network of desmosomes that lock adjacent cells together
the “first line” of cellular defense against pathogenic invasion is…
phagocytes
redness, swelling, heat, and pain are signs and symptoms associated with…
the inflammatory response
the four general characteristics of adaptive defenses include…
specificity, versatility, memory, and tolerance
the two major ways that the body “carries out” the immune response are…
direct attack by T cells and attack by circulating antibodies
an adaptive defense mechanism is always activated by…
an antigen
the type of immunity that develops as a result of natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is…
naturally acquired active immunity
a vaccine is an example of….
artificially induced active immunity
when an antigen appears, the immune response begins with the…
activation of specific T cells and B cells
if immune tolerance malfunctions in an individual, his or her B cells might begin to…
manufacture antibodies against “self” cells and tissues
T-cell activation leads to the formation of cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells that provide…
cellular immunity
before an antigen can stimulate a lymphocyte, it must first be process by a…
macrophage
