Chapter 10- Muscle Tissue

Question 0

The primary functions performed by skeletal muscles are to…

Answer 0

1. Produce skeletal movement
2. Guard entrances and exits
3. Maintain body temperature

Question 1

Muscle tissue consists of cells that are highly specialized for the…

Answer 1

1. Excitability
2. Contraction
3. Maintain body temperature

Question 2

Skeletal muscles move the body by…

Answer 2

Pulling on the bones of the skeleton

Question 3

Skeletal muscles are often called voluntary muscles because…

Answer 3

They contract only when stimulated by motor neurons of the central nervous system

Question 4

The three layers of connective tissue supporting each muscle are the…

Answer 4

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Question 5

Nerves and blood vessels that supply the muscle fibers are contained within the connective tissues of the…

Answer 5

Endomysium and perimysium

Question 6

The smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber is…

Answer 6

The sarcomere

Question 7

The thin filaments consist of…

Answer 7

Pair of protein strands wound together to form chains of actin molecules

Question 8

The thick filaments consist of…

Answer 8

Helical array of myosin molecules

Question 9

The sliding filament theory explains that the physical change that takes place during contraction is the…

Answer 9

Thin filaments are sliding toward the center of the sarcomere alongside the thick filaments

Question 10

Troponin and tropomyosin are two proteins that can prevent the contractile process by…

Answer 10

Covering the active site and blocking the actin-myosin interaction

Question 11

The first step in excitation-contraction coupling is the…

Answer 11

Stimulation of the sarcolemma

Question 12

Muscle relaxation begins with…

Answer 12

Breakdown of ACh by AChE

Question 13

All of the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron constitute a…

Answer 13

Motor unit

Question 14

The tension in a muscle fiber will vary depending on the…

Answer 14

1. Structure of individual sarcomeres
2. Initial length of muscle fibers
3. Number of cross bridge interactions within a muscle fiber

Question 15

There is less precise control over leg muscles compared to the muscles of the eye because…

Answer 15

Many muscle fibers are controlled by a single motor neuron

Question 16

Skeletal muscle fibers contract most forcefully when stimulated over a…

Answer 16

Narrow range of resting lengths

Question 17

The amount of tension produced by a skeletal muscle is controlled by…

Answer 17

The total number of muscle fibers stimulated

Question 18

Peak tension production occurs when all motor units in the muscle contract in a state of…

Answer 18

Complete tetanus

Question 19

In a concentric isotonic contraction…

Answer 19

The cross bridges must produce enough tension to overcome the resistance

Question 20

In an isometric contraction…

Answer 20

Tension rises but the length of the muscle remains constant

Question 21

A high blood concentration of the enzyme creatine kinase usually indicates…

Answer 21

Serious muscle damage

Question 22

Mitochondrial activities are relatively efficient, but their rate of ATP generation is limited by the…

Answer 22

Availability of oxygen

Question 23

What has been correlated with muscle fatigue?

Answer 23

A decline of pH within the muscle, altering enzyme activities

Question 24

During the recovery period, the body's oxygen demand is...

Answer 24

Elevated above normal resting levels

Question 25

The three major types of skeletal muscle fibers in the human body are...

Answer 25

Slow, intermediate, fast

Question 26

Extensive blood vessels, mitochondria, and myoglobin are found in the greatest concentration in...

Answer 26

Slow fibers

Question 27

The length of time a muscle can continue to contract while supported by mitochondrial activities is referred to as...

Answer 27

Aerobic endurance

Question 28

Altering the characteristics of muscle fibers and improving the performance of the cardiovascular system results in improving...

Answer 28

Aerobic endurance

Question 29

The property of cardiac muscle that allows it to contract without neural stimulation is...

Answer 29

Automaticity

Question 30

Structurally, smooth muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells because smooth muscle cells...

Answer 30

Lack myofibrils and sarcomeres

Question 31

Smooth muscle tissue differs from other muscle tissue in...

Answer 31

1. Excitation-contraction coupling 2. Length-tension relationships 3. Control of contraction

Question 32

Neural, hormonal, or chemicals factors can stimulate smooth muscle contraction, producing...

Answer 32

A decrease in muscle tone

Question 33

Muscle contraction occurs as a result of...

Answer 33

Interactions between the thick and thin filaments of ten sarcomeres

Question 34

The area of the A band in the sarcomere consists of...

Answer 34

M line, H band, and zone of overlap

Question 35

The process of cross bridging, which occurs at an active site, involves a series of sequential cyclic reactions that include...

Answer 35

Attach, pivot, detach, and return

Question 36

Excitation-contraction coupling forms the link between...

Answer 36

Electrical activity in the sarcolemma and the initiation of a contraction

Question 37

When Ca2+ binds to troponin, it produces a change by...

Answer 37

Exposing the active site on the thin filaments

Question 38

The phase of a single twitch in sequential order are...

Answer 38

Latent period, contraction phase, relaxation phase

Question 39

After contraction, a muscle fiber returns to its original length through...

Answer 39

Elastic forces and the movement of opposing muscles

Question 40

A muscle producing almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in...

Answer 40

Incomplete tetanus

Question 41

The process of reaching complete tetanus is obtained by...

Answer 41

Increasing the rate of stimulation until the relaxation phase is completely eliminated

Question 42

The total force exerted by a muscle as a whole depends on...

Answer 42

1. The rate of stimulation 2. How many motor units are activated 3. The number of calcium ions released

Question 43

The principal energy reserves found in skeletal muscle cells are...

Answer 43

ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen

Question 44

The two mechanisms used to generate ATP from glucose are...

Answer 44

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 45

In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid, which is converted to...

Answer 45

Lactic acid

Question 46

The maintenance of normal body temperature is dependent upon...

Answer 46

The production of heat by muscles

Question 47

Growth hormone from the pituitary gland and the male sex hormone, testosterone, stimulate...

Answer 47

Synthesis of contractile proteins and the enlargement of skeletal muscles

Question 48

The hormone responsible for stimulating muscle metabolism and increasing the force of contraction during a sudden crisis is...

Answer 48

Epinephrine

Question 49

The type of skeletal muscle fibers that have low fatigue resistance are...

Answer 49

Fast fibers

Question 50

An example of an activity that requires anaerobic endurance is...

Answer 50

A 50 yard dash

Question 51

Athletes training to develop anaerobic endurance perform...

Answer 51

Frequent, brief, intensive workouts

Question 52

The major support that the muscular system gets from the cardiovascular system is...

Answer 52

Nutrient and oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal