Chapter 12- Neural Tissue

Question 0

The central nervous system consists of the…

Answer 0

Brain and spinal cord

Question 1

The two major anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are the…

Answer 1

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

The primary functions of the nervous system include…

Answer 2

1. Providing sensation of the internal and external environment
2. Integrating sensory information
3. Regulating and controlling peripheral structures and systems

Question 3

Neurons are responsible for…

Answer 3

Information transfer and processing in the nervous system

Question 4

The region of a neuron with voltage gated sodium channels is the…

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

Neurons are classified on the basis of their structure as…

Answer 5

Anaxonic, unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar

Question 6

Neurons are classified on the basis of their function as…

Answer 6

Motor, sensory, and autonomic

Question 7

Sensory neurons are responsible for carrying impulses…

Answer 7

To the central nervous system

Question 8

Efferent pathways consist of axons that carry impulses…

Answer 8

Away from the central nervous system

Question 9

The two major cell types in neural tissue…

Answer 9

Neurons and neuroglia

Question 10

The types of glial cells in the central nervous system are…

Answer 10

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells

Question 11

The neuroglia that play a role in structural organization by tying clusters of axons together are the…

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Depolarization of the membrane will shift the membrane potential toward…

Answer 12

0 mV

Question 13

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is…

Answer 13

-70 mV

Question 14

If resting membrane potential is -70 mV and the threshold is -60 mV, a membrane potential of -62 mV will…

Answer 14

Not produce an action potential

Question 15

An action potential is triggered when…

Answer 15

Local current reaches a voltage that opens voltage gated Na+ channels in the axon hillock

Question 16

If resting membrane potential is -70 mV, a hyper polarized membrane is…

Answer 16

-80 mV

Question 17

A node along the axon represents an area where there is…

Answer 17

An absence of myelin

Question 18

The larger the diameter of the axon, the…

Answer 18

Faster an action potential will be conducted

Question 19

The two most important factors that determine the rate of action potential propagation are the…

Answer 19

Presence or absence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

Question 20

The reasons that active neurons need ATP is to support the…

Answer 20

1. Synthesis, release, and recycling of neurotransmitter molecules
2. Recovery from action potentials
3. Movement of materials to and from the soma via axoplasmic flow

Question 21

At an electrical synapse, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are locked together at…

Answer 21

Gap junctions

Question 22

Chemical synapses differ from electric synapses, because chemical synapses…

Answer 22

Involve a neurotransmitter

Question 23

The effect of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the…

Answer 23

Properties of the receptor

Question 24

Exocytosis and the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is triggered by...

Answer 24

Calcium ions flooding into the axoplasm

Question 25

The normal stimulus for neurotransmitter release is the depolarization of the synaptic terminal by the...

Answer 25

Arrival of an action potential

Question 26

Compounds that alter presynaptic or postsynaptic function, thereby affecting information processing, are...

Answer 26

Neuromodulators

Question 27

Compounds that have an indirect effect on membrane potential work through intermediaries known as...

Answer 27

Second messengers

Question 28

An excitatory postsynaptic potential is...

Answer 28

A depolarization produced by the arrival of a neurotransmitter

Question 29

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential is a...

Answer 29

Graded hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane

Question 30

Graded potentials that develop in the postsynaptic membrane in response to a neurotransmitter are...

Answer 30

Postsynaptic potentials

Question 31

The addition of stimuli occurring in rapid succession is...

Answer 31

Temporal summation

Question 32

The anatomical division of the nervous system responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory information is the...

Answer 32

Central nervous system

Question 33

Interneurons are responsible for...

Answer 33

Analysis of sensory inputs and coordination of motor inputs

Question 34

A long cytoplasmic process capable of propagating an action potential is the...

Answer 34

Axon

Question 35

The type of cells that surround the nerve cell bodies on peripheral ganglia are...

Answer 35

Satellite cells

Question 36

Schwann cells are glial cells responsible for...

Answer 36

Producing a myelin layer around peripheral axons

Question 37

When a barrier prevents the movement of opposite charges toward one another, an...

Answer 37

Potential difference may exist

Question 38

The membranous wrapping of electrical insulation, called myelin, around an axon is responsible for...

Answer 38

Increasing the speed at which an action potential travels along an axon

Question 39

The simplest form of information processing in the nervous system is...

Answer 39

The integration of stimuli at the level of the individual cell

Question 40

During the relative refractory period, a larger than normal depolarizing stimulus can...

Answer 40

Initiate a second action potential

Question 41

Saltatory propagation conducts impulses along an axon...

Answer 41

Five to seven times faster than contiguous propagation

Question 42

In type C fibers, action potentials are conducted at speeds of approximately...

Answer 42

2 mph

Question 43

The larger the diameter of the axon, the...

Answer 43

Faster the rate of transmission

Question 44

Facilitation in the neurons transmembrane potential refers to...

Answer 44

A shift closer to threshold

Question 45

Sensory neurons that provide information about the external environment through the sense of sight, smell, hearing, and touch are called...

Answer 45

Exteroceptors

Question 46

The main functional difference between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system is that the activities of the ANS are...

Answer 46

Primarily involuntary or under automatic control

Question 47

EPSPs and IPSPs reflect the activation of different types of chemically gated channels, producing...

Answer 47

Opposing effects on the transmembrane potential

Question 48

If one EPSP depolarizers the initial segment from a resting potential of -70 mV to -65 mV, and threshold is at -60 mV, an...

Answer 48

Action potential will not be generated

Question 49

An example of presynaptic facilitation is...

Answer 49

Calcium channels remaining open for a longer period, due to the influence of axoaxonic synapse activity, thus increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released