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Anatomy and physiology > Chapter 14- The Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 14- The Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(70 cards)

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0
Q

The region of the brain that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory information and stored memories of previous movements is the…

A

Cerebellum

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1
Q

The major region of the brain responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns is the…

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

The brain stem consists of…

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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3
Q

The expansion of the neurocoel enlarges to create three primary brain vesicles called the…

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon

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4
Q

The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the…

A

Telencephalon

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5
Q

The lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle of the diencephalon through the…

A

Interventricular foramen

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6
Q

The slender canal that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle is the…

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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7
Q

The delicate tissues of the brain are protected from mechanical forces by the…

A
  1. Bones of the cranium
  2. Cranial meninges
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
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8
Q

The cranial meninges offer protection to the brain by…

A

Preventing contact with surrounding bones

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9
Q

The neural tissue of the brain is biochemically isolated from the general circulation by the…

A

Blood-brain barrier

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10
Q

The most important functions of the cerebrospinal fluid are…

A
  1. To cushion delicate delicate neural structures
  2. To support the brain
  3. The transport of nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
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11
Q

A combination of specialized ependymal cells and permeable capillaries involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid forms a network called the…

A

Choroid plexus

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12
Q

Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to venous circulation by…

A

Diffusion across the arachnoid villi

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13
Q

The inferior portion of the medulla oblongata resembles the spinal cord, with the presence of a…

A

Small central canal

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14
Q

The similarity of the medulla oblongata to the spinal cord disappears with the formation of the…

A

Fourth ventricle

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15
Q

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers located in the…

A

Medulla oblongata

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16
Q

The medulla oblongata contains sensory and motor nuclei associated with cranial nerves…

A

VIII,IX,X,XI, and XII

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17
Q

In the medulla oblongata, the relay stations along sensory or motor pathways include the…

A

Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

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18
Q

The pons link the cerebellum with the…

A
  1. Diencephalon
  2. Cerebrum
  3. Spinal cord
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19
Q

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the rhythmicity centers in the medulla oblongata are the…

A

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

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20
Q

Huge, highly branched Purkinje cells are found in the…

A

Cerebellar cortex

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21
Q

Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the…

A

Cerebellum

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22
Q

The corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain are responsible for processing…

A

Visual and auditory sensations

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23
Q

The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the midbrain are the…

A

Cerebral peduncles

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24
The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothamalus are anatomical structures of the...
Diencephalon
25
Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the...
Thalamus
26
The hypothalamus contains centers involved with...
Emotions, automatic function, and hormone production
27
The sea-horse-like structure in the lambic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the...
Hippocampus
28
As a functional group, the limbic system behaves as a...
Motivational system
29
Even though almost completely separated, the two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a thick band of white matter called the...
Corpus callosum
30
The cerebral cortex is linked to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord by..........fibers.
Projection
31
The loves of the cerebral cortex involved in processing sensory data and motor activities are the...
Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
32
The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the...
Basal nuclei
33
The general interpretive area that receives information from all of the sensory associations is called...
Wernicke's area
34
Pyramidal cells are cortical neurons that...
Direct voluntary movements
35
Higher frequency beta waves are typical of an individual who is...
Under stress or in a state of psychological tension
36
Very-large-amplitude, low frequency waves normally seen during deep sleep are.........waves.
Delta
37
The brains of healthy, awake adults who are resting with their eyes closed produce.........waves.
Alpha
38
A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in...
Reduced movement of the auditory ossicles
39
Constriction of contralateral pupil due to light striking photoreceptor cells results from the.......reflex.
Consensual light
40
A loud noise produces and auditory reflex that results in...
Eye and/or head movements
41
The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than yhat of the spinal cord because of the...
Number of neurons and complex interconnections between the neurons
42
The midbrain processes...
Visual and auditory information and generates involuntary motor responses
43
An individual with a damaged visual association area...
Can see letters clearly, but cannot recognize or interpret them
44
The three major groups of axons that compromise the central white matter are...
Association, commissural, and projection fibers
45
The masses of gray matter that lie between the bulging surface of the insula and the lateral wall of the diencephalon are the...
Putamen and globus pallidus
46
The functions of the limbic system involve...
Emotional states and related behavioral drives
47
The mamillary bodies in the floor of the hypothalamus contain motor nuclei that control the reflex movements involved with...
Chewing, licking, and swallowing
48
Hypothalamic or thalami stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in...
Generalized lethargy or actual sleep
49
The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the...
Epithalamus
50
The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus integrate...
Sensory information for projection to the association areas of the cerebral cortex
51
The parts of the diencephalon responsible for coordination of activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system are the...
Hypothalamus
52
The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones...
ADH and oxytocin
53
The preoptic area of the hypothalamus controls the...
Physiological responses to changes in body temperature
54
The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the midbrain are the...
Cerebral peduncles
55
The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing...
Cerebellar motor patterns
56
Huge, highly branched Purkinje cells are found in the...
Cerebellar cortex
57
The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the...
Apneustic and pneumotaxic
58
The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity center are found in the...
Medulla oblongata
59
The large veins found between the inner and outer layers of the dura mater are called the...
Dural sinuses
60
Neural tissue in the central nervous system is isolated from the general circulation by the...
Blood-brain barrier
61
The CSF reaches the subarachnoid space via...
Three holes in the fourth ventricle
62
The blood-brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS, except in...
Portions of the hypothalamus and the choroid plexus
63
The ventricles in the brain form hollows chambers that serve as passageways for the circulation of...
Cerebrospinal fluid
64
The central white matter of the cerebrum is found...
Beneath the neural cortex and around the basal nuclei
65
The series of elevated ridges that increase the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres and the number of neurons in the cortical area are called...
Gyri
66
The cranial nerves responsible for all aspects of eye function include....
II, III, IV, V, and VI
67
If a person has a damage to the trochlear nerve of the right eye, the person would be unable to...
Look downward
68
If a person has Bell's palsy, a cranial nerve disorder that results from an inflammation of a facial nerve, a typical sign and symptom is...
Loss of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
69
A lesion in the hypothalamus may cause a person to have a difficult time...
Controlling the expression of emotions

Anatomy and physiology (25 decks)

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