Chapter 20: The Heart Flashcards by Steven baumfalk

the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into the…

pulmonary and systemic circuits

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blood is carried away from the heart in…

arteries

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the left atrium recieves blood from the pulmonary circuit and empties it into the…

left venticle

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the “double pump” function of the heart includes the right side, which serve as the ________ circuit pump, while the left side serves as the _______ pump.

pulmonary; systemic

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the major difference between the left and right ventricles relative to their role in heart function is…

the LV pumps blood through the high-resistance systemic circulation

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the great cardiac vein drains blood from the heart muscle to the…

right atrium

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the visceral pericardium, or epicardium, covers the…

outer surface of the heart

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the valves of the heart are covered by the squamous epithelium, the…

endocardium

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the three distinct layers of the heart wall include the…

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

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atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the_______; semilunar valves prevent backflow into the________.

atria; ventricles

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blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the __________ valve.

bicuspid
L atrioventricular
mitral

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when deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through a semilunar valve, it is forced into the…

pulmonary arteries

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blood from systemic circulation is returned to the right atrium by the….

superior and inferior vena cava

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oxygenated blood from the systemic arteries flows into…

peripheral tissue capillaries

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the lung capillaries recieve deoxygenated blood from the….

pulmonary arteries

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one of the important differences between skeletal muscles tissue and cardiac muscle tissue is that cardiac muscle tissue is…

striated involuntary muscle

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cardiac muscle tissue…

does not require nerve activity to stimulate a contraction

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the primary difference that characterize cardiac muscle cells when comparing them to skeletal muscle fibers is…

small size
a single, centrally located nucleus
the presence of intercalated discs

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blood from coronary circulation is returned to the right atrium of the heart via…

the coronary sinus

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the right coronary artery supplies blood to…

the right atrium
portions of the conducting system of the heart
portions of the right and left ventricles

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the correct sequential path of a normal action potential in the heart is:

SA node->AV node->AV bundle->bundle braches->Purkinje fibers

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if the papillary muscles fail to contract, the…

AV valves will not close properly

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the sinoartrial nodes acts as the pacemaker of the heart because these cells are…

the ones that depolarize and reach threshold first

after the SA node is depolarized and the impulse spread through the atria, there is a slight delay before the impulse spreads to the ventricles. The importance of this delay is that it allows…

the atria to finish contracting

if each heart muscle cell contracted at its own individual rate, the condition would resemble...

fibrillation

the P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates...

atrial depolarization

the QRS complex of the ECG appears as the...

ventricles depolarize

ECGs are useful in detecting and diagnosing abnormal patterns of cardiac activity called...

cardiac arrhythmias

an excessively large QRS complex often indicates that the...

heart has become enlarged

the events between the start of one heartbeat and the start of the next are called the...

cardiac cycle

the "lubb-dupp" sounds of the heart have practical clinical value because they provide information concerning the...

action and effieciency of the AV and semilunar valves

when the chamber of the heart fills with blood and prepares for the start of the next beat, the chamber is in...

diastole

at the start of atrial systole, the ventricles are filled to around _________ of capacity.

70 percent

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per minute is the...

cardiac output

the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single beat is the...

stroke volume

under normal circumstances, the factors responsible for making delicute adjustments to the heart rate as circulatory demands change are...

autonomic activity and circulatory hormones

the cardiac centers in the medulla oblongata monitor baroreceptors and chemorecpetors innervated by the...

glossopharyngeal N IX and vagus N X

the atrail reflex involves adjustments in heart rate stimulated by an increase in...

venous return

the difference between the end-diastolic and the end-systolic volume is the...

stroke volume

the Frank-Starling principle describes the observed relationship that...

increasing the EDV results in an increase in the stroke volume

parasympathetic stimulation from the vagus nerve results in...

a decrease in heart rate

cutting the vagus nerve...

increases the heart rate

if the heart rate is 78 bpm and the stroke volume is 80 mL per beat, the cardiac output is...

6240 mL/min

assuming anatomic position, the best way to describe the specific location of the heart in the body is...

within the mediastinum of the thorax

the function of the chordae tendineae is to...

anchor the AV valve flaps and prevent backflow of blood into the atria

what does not show up in an electrocardiogram?

murmurs

decreased parasympathetic stimulation to the heart results in...

accelerating heart rate

serious arrhythmias that reduce the pumping effiencey of the hear may indicate...

1. damage to the myocardium 2. injury to the SA and AV nodes 3. abnormalities in the ionic composition of the extracellular fluids

what does not increase afterload?

vasodilation of peripheral vessels

ventricular diastole indicates that...

the ventricle are "resting"

what does not control the movement of blood through the heart?

size of the atria and ventricles

the ANS can make very delicate adjustments in cardiovascular function to meet demands of other systems through...

dual innervation and adjustments in autonomic tone

normally, the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles is the...

AV bundle

if the SA node or internodal pathways are damaged, the...

AV node assumes command

tetanic contractions cannot occur in a normal cardiac muscle cell, regardless of the frequency or intensity of stimulation, because...

summation is not possible