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Anatomy > E4 Ch. 19 > Flashcards

E4 Ch. 19 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

describe the pulmonary circuit

A

right side of heart receives oxygen-poor blood from body and pumps it to the lungs

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2
Q

describe the systemic circuit

A

left side of heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps throughout the body

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3
Q

where does the atria receive blood from

A

receives blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits

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4
Q

function of ventricles

A

pumping chambers of the heart

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5
Q

how much does a typical healthy heart weight

A

250-350 grams

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6
Q

where does the apex of the heart lie

A

to the left of the midline

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7
Q

what is the base of the heart

A

the broad posterior surface

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8
Q

which ribs is the superior right of the heart located b/t

A

costal cartilage of 3rd rib and sternum

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9
Q

where is the inferior right of the heart located

A

costal cartilage of 6th rib lateral to sternum

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10
Q

where is the superior left of the heart located

A

costal cartilage of 2nd rib lateral to sternum

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11
Q

where is the inferior left of the heart located

A

lies in the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

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12
Q

name the 2 primary layers of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

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13
Q

describe the fibrous pericardium

A

strong layer of dense connective tissue

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14
Q

name the two layers that form the serous pericardium

A

parietal layer and visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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15
Q

name the 3 layers of the heart wall

A

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

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16
Q

describe the epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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17
Q

describe the myocardium

A

consist of cardiac muscle, muscle arranged n circular and spiral patterns

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18
Q

describe the endocardium

A

endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue, lines the internal walls of the heart

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19
Q

though what vessels does the right atrium receive oxygen poor blood from the systemic circuit

A

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

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20
Q

pectinate muscles

A

ridges inside anterior of right atrium

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21
Q

crista terminalis

A

landmark used to locate veins entering right atrium

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22
Q

fossa ovalis

A

depression in interatrial septum, remnant of foramen ovale

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23
Q

what is another name for the tricuspid valve

A

atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

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24
Q

which of the heart ventricles makes up the posterior surface

A

left atrium

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25
trabeculae carneae
the ridges lining the ventricles of the heart wall
26
list the functions of the cardiac skeleton
anchors valve cusps, precent over dilation of valve openings, main point of insertion for cardiac muscle, blocks direct spread of electrical impulses
27
describe the "lub-dup" sound of valves
1st sound "lub"- AV valves closing 2nd sound "dup"- semilunar valves closing
28
systole
contraction of a heart chamber
29
diastole
expansion of a heart chamber
30
how do the walls of the atria and ventricles differ in thickness
atria- thin walls | ventricles- thick walls
31
why is the left ventricles 3X thicker than the right ventricle
exerts more pumping force need to pump blood to the systemic circuit which has greater resistance to blood flow
32
list the 3 types of cell junctions found w/in the intercalated discs
desmosomes, fasciae adherens, and gap junctions
33
what important chemical is used to trigger the heart to contract
Ca2+
34
sinoatrial (SA) node
sets the inherent rate of contraction; HR
35
describe the conducting pathway from the SA node
internodal pathway to AV node to AV bundle to bundle branches to purkinje fibers
36
cardioinhibitory center influences what
parasympathetic neurons
37
cardioacceleratory center influences what
sympathetic neurons
38
function of the coronary arteries
blood supply to the muscular walls and tissues of the heart; right and left coronary artery
39
function of coronary sinus
runs in the posterior part of coronary sulcus, returns majority of venus blood from the heart to the right atrium
40
atherosclerosis
coronary artery disease; fatty deposits
41
angina pectoris
chest pain
42
myocardial infraction
blocked coronary artery; heart attack
43
heart failure
progressive weakening of the heart, cannot meet body's demands for oxygenated blood
44
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart enlarges, pumping efficiency declines
45
pulmonary arterial hypertension
enlargement and potential failure of right ventricle
46
arrythmias
variation from normal heart rhythm
47
ventricular fibrillation
raid, random firing of electrical impulses in the ventricles, results from crippled conducting system, common cause of cardiac arrest
48
what area of the chest is the aortic valve best heard
2nd intercostal space at right sternal margin
49
what area of the chest is the pulmonary valve best heard
2nd intercostal space at left sternal margin
50
what area of the chest is the tricuspid valve best heard
right sternal margin of 5th intercostal space
51
what area of the chest is the mitral valve best heard
5th intercostal space in line w/ middle of clavicle
52
one full cycle includes what
contraction and relaxation of heart is one cycle
53
atrial fibrillation
impulses circle w/in atrial myocardium, stimulating AV node, promotes formation of clots (strokes), characterized by anxiety, fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations
54
list the chambers of the heart that form from tail to head
sinus venous, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus cordis
55
what does the sinus venosus become
smooth-walled part of right atrium, coronary sinus, and SA node
56
what does the atrium develop into
ridged parts of right and atria
57
what does the ventricle develop into
gives rise to left ventricle
58
what does the bulbus cordis
rise to the pulmonary trunk and 1st part of aorta, left ventricle
59
how early can congenital heart defects be traced
2 months of development
60
describe two basic categories of defect
inadequately oxygenated blood reaches body tissue, and ventricles labor under increased workload
61
what are some age-related changes that happen to the heart
hardening/thickening of heart valve cusps, decline in cardiac reserve, and fibrosis of cardiac muscle

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