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Jason's Neuro Block > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the symptoms of an epileptic seizure?

A

paroxysmal, inappropriate, hypersynchronous, self-sustained neuronal network activity

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2
Q

disease modifying epilepsy requires?

A

multifaceted approaches

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3
Q

what is a partial/focal seizure?

A

seizure that arises in a limited number of cortical neurons within one hemisphere

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4
Q

where in the world is there more cases of epilepsy?

A

developing countries

lowersocioeconomics

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5
Q

consequences of epilepsy? 5 classes:

A 
physical injury
psychiatric
social
medication side effects
mortality
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6
Q

people with epilepsy mortality ratio?

A

3 to 1

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7
Q

epilepsy is most common cause of death in who?

A

young people

sudden unexplained death in epilepsy

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8
Q

ECG in epilepsy shows?

A

discharge loops, hyper synchronous

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9
Q

how long do seizures normally last?

A

60-90 seconds

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10
Q

epilepsy vs. seizures?

A

epilepsy means you’re more predisposed to seizures, having a seizure does not mean you have epilepsy

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11
Q

3 main causes of epilepsy?

A

genetic
structural/metabolic
unknown

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12
Q

what is a generalised seizure?

A

arises simultaneously in both hemispheres

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13
Q

what kind of epilepsy is it where the underlying brain structure and function is normal? who normally get these.

A

genetic

usually kids

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14
Q

Genetic epilepsy in kids, how to treat? what is the underlying problem likely?

A
  1. respond well to meds

2. usually ion channel defect

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15
Q

what kind of epilepsy can you get normally as you get older?

A

structural/metabolic

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16
Q

structural/metabolic epilepsy course? treatment?

A
  1. uncommonly remit

2. incompletely controlled with meds

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17
Q

why important to get proper detailed epilepsy dx?

A

treatment options differ widely

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18
Q

Thomas Willis postulated that epilepsy source was?

A

within the brain

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19
Q

Hughlings Jackson said seizures result from?

A

focal grey matter pathology

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20
Q

what would cause the uncontrolled firing of neurons in seizures?

A

no balance between inhibition and excitation of neurons and networks

21
Q

imbalance in neurons can be caused by what in the connections? 4 things:

A
  1. aberrant sprouting
  2. altered excitability
  3. altered transmission
  4. altered glial environment
22
Q

what is the most sensitive structure to induce seizures? where is it?

A

Hippocampus

medial temporal lobe structure

23
Q

what are the 4 main subregions of hippocampus?

A

dentate gyrus

CA 1,2,3

24
Q

Hippocampus is important in?

A

learning and memory

25
Histopathology of epilepsy shows what? where?
1. Mesial Temporal sclerosis(MTS)
26
Mesial Temporal sclerosis(MTS) consists of 3 features?
1. cell loss in CA1,3, dentate 2. mossy fibre sprouting 3. gliosis
27
uncertain about the progression of seizures of epilepsies and if?
seizures beget seizures
28
Age and epilepsy?
bimodal peak, increased risk young and elderly
29
childhood onset of epilepsy most likely because of?
congenital/perinatal CNS insults
30
reason for late childhood/early adulthood onset epilepsy?
idiopathic/genetic
31
reason for adult/elderly epilepsy?
acquired/trauma/structural
32
what increases you chances of having epilepsy 60x?
Alzheimer's
33
most ppl with idiopathic generalized epilepsies have?
genetic inheritance
34
MRI epilepsy usually find focal lesions of what kind in epilepsy?
70% medically refractory | 20% new onset seizures
35
mesial temporal sclerosis means what for treatment?
drug resistance
36
mesial temporal sclerosis good candidates for what treatment?
surgery
37
mesial temporal sclerosis most common cause of?
adults with partial epilepsy
38
2 most common cause of drug resistant epilepsy?
malformation of cortical development
39
aetiology of focal cortical dysplasia?
unknown
40
what is the condition of inherited generalized malformation due to abnormal neuronal migration causing epilepsy?
periventricular nodular heterotopia
41
most common cause of new onset partial seizures?
low grade tumours
42
most common type of low grade tumour causing epilepsy?
gliomas affecting cortial>subcortical
43
10% of patients with drug resistant partial epilepsy have? what two major ones?
vascular lesions: blood in brain can cause seizures 1. cavernoma 2. ateriovenous malformations
44
what is a cavernoma?
tangled mass of vessels slowing blood flow causing seizures
45
anti-epileptic drugs treat what?
symptoms only not underlying condition
46
how long take epilepsy drugs for?
years/lifetime
47
3 non med epilepsy Rx?
surgery neurostim dietary
48
when do epilepsy surgery?
focal localized drug-resistance epilepsy

Jason's Neuro Block (54 decks)

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