General Structure Nervous System

Question 1

PNS made of two things

Answer 1

Nerves

ganglia

Question 2

why is white matter white?

Answer 2

due to myelinated (fat) axons and glia

Question 3

why is grey matter grey?

Answer 3

dendrites, somata and glia

Question 4

L and R hemispheres of Cerebrum split by?

Answer 4

longitudinal fissure

Question 5

What are the ridges?

Answer 5

gyri

Question 6

What are the grooves?

Answer 6

sulci

Question 7

surface of cerebrum is called the?

Answer 7

cortex

Question 8

cerebrum is site of 4 big things

Answer 8

language
memory
emotions
self-awareness

Question 9

What does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 9

frontal and parietal lobes

Question 10

What does the lateral sulcus divide?

Answer 10

temporal from frontal/parietal

Question 11

Brodmann’s Areas are based on what differences?

Answer 11

cellular differences in organisation

Question 12

PET scans look at?

Answer 12

areas of high metabolic activity

Question 13

how many layers in cortex? thickness of cortex?

Answer 13

6 layers

1cm think

Question 14

left and right cortices linked where?

Answer 14

corpus callosum

Question 15

Cerebellum does 2 things to motor

Answer 15

compares intention to execution

refines execution

Question 16

Basal Ganglia is where?

Answer 16

diencephalon

Question 17

Basal Ganglia important for?

Answer 17

motor control

Question 18

Damaged Basal Ganglia leads to what 2 diseases?

Answer 18

Parkinson’s

Huntington’s

Question 19

Thalamic nuclei project in 3 ways:

Answer 19

relay sensory
relay non-sensory
project globally: arousal/sleep

Question 20

what controls pituitary?

Answer 20

hypothalamus

Question 21

what controls facial muscles and sensation?

Answer 21

brainstem

Question 22

what controls cardiorespiratory system?

Answer 22

brainstem

Question 23

how does the brainstem controls facial muscles and sensation?

Answer 23

via 10 of the 12 cranial nerves

Question 24

Cranial nerves can be motor and/or sensory?

Answer 24

purely motor
purely sensory
mixed

Question 25

CNS made up of two things:

Answer 25

brain | spinal cord

Question 26

spinal cord connects to?

Answer 26

medulla

Question 27

Dorsal horns mainly for?

Answer 27

sensory

Question 28

ventral horns mainly for?

Answer 28

motor

Question 29

spinal cord: where is grey, where is white matter?

Answer 29

grey in middle, surrounded by white

Question 30

in brain: where is grey, where is white matter?

Answer 30

white in middle, surrounded by grey

Question 31

spinal cord ends at what level?

Answer 31

L1/2

Question 32

spinal nerve is formed by what two things?

Answer 32

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 33

dorsal root ganglion is what?

Answer 33

collection of sensory nerve cell bodies, on axon to periphery, one to dorsal horn

Question 34

do cranial nerves have ganglia?

Answer 34

yep, cranial nerve ganglia

Question 35

3 kinds of peripheral nerves:

Answer 35

sensory motor autonomic

Question 36

where is CSF made?

Answer 36

choroid plexus in the ventricles

Question 37

where does CSF flow out of?

Answer 37

4th ventricle

Question 38

CSF acts as what to brain?

Answer 38

shock absorber

Question 39

3 meninges are?

Answer 39

Dura (thick) Arachnoid (fibrous) Pia (thin)

Question 40

CSF fills what area in the meninges? how is it reabsorbed?

Answer 40

subarachnoid space | reabsorbed by veins at arachnoid granulations

Question 41

Falx and Tentorium divide what?

Answer 41

Falx: L&R hemispheres Tentorium: cerebellum from occipital lobe

Question 42

BBB formed by what cells?

Answer 42

endothelial cells of capillaries

Question 43

BBB of capillaries are special how? 3 reasons

Answer 43

lack pinocytotic transfer very tight junctions mostly active transport

Question 44

BBB good with fat or water soluble?

Answer 44

Fat soluble

Question 45

What is the lentiform nucleus made up of?

Answer 45

Putamen/Globus Pallidus

Question 46

What is the striatum made up of?

Answer 46

caudate and putamen