Flashcards in EXAM #1: CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF LAB EXAMS Deck (47)
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1
What is the definition of normocytic?
Normal MCV/ size
2
What is the definition of normochromic?
Normal concentration of Hb
3
What is the definition of anisocytosis?
Blood cells are of UNEQUAL size
4
What is the definition of poikilocytosis?
Abnormally shaped RBCs
5
What is the normal MCV of a RBC?
80-100 FL
6
What is the definition of macrocytic?
MCV greater than 100 FL
7
What is the definition of microcytic?
MCV than 80 FL
8
How are anemias classified?
1) Etiology
2) Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
9
What are the three classifications of anemia based on MCV?
1) Microcytic
2) Macrocytic
3) Normocytic
10
What are the three classifications of anemia based on etiology?
1) Impaired RBC production
2) Increased RBC destruction
3) Blood loss*****
11
What is the first lab test to order in a patient with suspected anemia?
CBC, Complete Blood Count
12
What are the elements of a CBC?
1) Hb= Hemoglobin
2) Hct= Hematocrit
3) PCV= Packed Cell Volume
4) RBC count
5) RBC indices
6) RDW= Red Cell Distribution Width
7) WBC count
- TLC= Total Leukocyte Count
- Diff= differential leukocyte count
8) Platelet count
9) PBS= Peripheral Blood Smear
13
What are the three RBC indices?
1) MCV= Mean Corpuscular Volume*****
2) MCH= Mean Corpusular Hemoglobin
3) MCHC= Mean Corupusuclar Hemoglobin COncentration
*****This is the most important value in differentiating anemias*****
14
What additional lab values would help to differentiate anemias secondary to a CBC?
1) Reticulocyte count
2) ESR= erythrocyte sedimentation rate
3) Bone marrow exam
15
What is the normal leukocyte differentiation?
Neutrophil= 50% - 74%
Lymphocyte= 26% - 46%
Monocyte= 2 - 12%
Eosinophil= 0.0 - 5.0%
Basophil= 0.0 - 2.0%
16
What is a reticulocyte count?
- Reticulocytes are precursors to RBCs --this is a count of reticulocytes
- Used to determine the efficacy of erythropoiesis
17
What is the utility of the ESR?
Elevation indicates an underlying inflammation/ organic disease
18
What does an elevated reticulocyte count indicate? What is a normal retic count?
Anemia
****Note that normal is 0.5-1.5%*****
19
What do you need to remember about retic. counts in anemia?
These values need to be CORRECTED for the degree of anemia.
20
How is a retic. count corrected?
(patient Hct/45) x retic count
21
How are reticulocytes identified?
- Retics have RNA while mature RBCs do NOT
- Stain with RNA stain to id. retics
22
What are the four common causes of microcytic anemia? What is the most common?
1) Iron deficiency*****
2) Anemia of chronic disease --esp. renal failure
3) Thalassemia
4) Siderblastic anemia
*****This is the most common cause of microcytic anemia****
Recall, microcytic anemia= MCV less than 80 FL
23
What are the important lab values used to specifically evaluate microcytic anemia?
1) Serum iron
2) TIBC
3) % saturation
4) Serum ferritin****
24
How do you tell the difference between IDA and ACD?
See ppt.
25
What is hemolytic anemia?
Anemia caused by the destruction of blood cells
26
What are the causes of immune hemolytic anemia?
1) Drugs
2) Auto-immune disease e.g. SLE
3) Allo-immune
- Hemolytic transfusion rxn
- Hemolytic disease of newborn
27
What is the most common cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
28
What is the difference between the direct and indirect Coombs test?
DCT=
- Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
- RBC
ICT=
- INdirect Antiglobulin Test
- Patient serum i.e. antibodies
29
Explain the DCT.
1) RBC sample from patient
2) Add anti-human antibodies (Coombs reagent)
3) Aggregation/ agglutination occurs indicating a positive test
30
