First Aid Review -- Part 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Sickle cells are seen in…
Sickle cell anemia.
Sickling of RBCs in sickle cell anemia is precipitated by…
- Dehydration
- Deoxygenation
- Ascension to high altitude
Spherocytes are observed in…
- Hereditary spherocytosis
2. Drug- and infection-induced hemolytic anemia
Dacrocytes (“teardrop cells”) are characteristic of…
Bone marrow infiltration (e.g., myelofibrosis)
Target cells are seen in…
- HbC disease
- Asplenia
- Liver disease
- Thalassemia
REMEMBER: “HALT” said the hunter to his target.
Oxidation of Hb -SH groups results in Hb precipitation in the form of…
Heinz bodies.
Heinz bodies are observed in…
G6PD deficiency. Heinz body-like inclusions are also seen in alpha-thalassemia.
Basophilic nuclear remnants found in RBCs are called…
Howell-Jolly bodies.
Howell-Jolly bodies are normally removed from RBCs by…
Splenic macrophages.
Howell-Jolly bodies are seen in patients with…
Functional hyposplenia or asplenia.
Causes of macrocytic, non-megaloblastic anemia
- Liver disease
- Alcoholism
- Reticulocytosis
Causes of macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
- Folate deficiency
- B12 deficiency
- Orotic aciduria
Macrocytic anemia involves…
MCV > 100 fL
Anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia may first present as…and then progress to…
Normocytic anemia; microcytic anemia
Copper deficiency can cause…
Microcytic sideroblastic anemia.
Microcytic anemia involves…
MCV
Causes of microcytic anemia
- Iron deficiency (late)
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Thalassemias
- Lead poisoning
- Sideroblastic anemia
Causes of normocytic, nonhemolytic anemia
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Aplastic anemia
- Chronic kidney disease
- Iron deficiency (early)
Intrinsic causes of normocytic, hemolytic anemia
- RBC membrane defect: hereditary spherocytosis
- RBC enzyme deficiency: G6PD, pyruvate kinase
- HbC defect
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Sickle cell anemia
Extrinsic causes of normocytic, hemolytic anemia
- Autoimmune
- Microangiopathic
- Macroangiopathic
- Infections
Clinical findings in iron deficiency
- Decreased serum iron
- Increased TIBC
- Decreased serum ferritin
- Fatigue
- Conjunctival pallor
- Spoon nails (koilonychia)
- Microcytosis and hypochromia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome consists of a triad of:
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Esophageal webs
- Atrophic glossitis
Alpha-thalassemia is characterized by…
Decreased alpha-globin synthesis.
Hb Barts
Excess gamma globin forms gamma4. Results from no alpha-globin production due to four allele deletion. Incompatible with life (causes hydrops fetalis).
