EXAM #1: HEMATOPOESIS Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the definition of hematopoiesis?
Formation of blood cells
Note that hematopoiesis provides the cellular elements of the peripheral blood i.e. leukocytes and RBCs.
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
Bone marrow
What is the lifespan of a lymphocyte?
Years
What is the lifespan of a RBC?
120 days
What is the lifespan of a platelet?
7-10 days
What is the lifespan of a granulocyte?
6-8 hours
Given the lifespan of granulocytes vs. RBCs; there are MORE granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow*
What cells are collectively called “granulocytes?”
- Eosinophils
- Mature segmented neurtorpils
- Basophils
What are hematopoietic stem cells?
Cells that give rise to progenitor cells of ALL lineages
List the characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells.
1) High proliferative potential
2) Capable of self-renewal and differentiation
3) Multipotential
Note that these cells CANNOT be identified morphologically.
What are bone marrow stromal cells?
Cells in the bone marrow that allow hematopoietic stem cells to develop
Describe the interactions between bone marrow stromal cells and hematopoietic stem cells.
These cell types bind together
- Tight binding the more immature the stem cell
- Looser binding the more differentiated
What is the role of cytokines in the bone marrow/ hematopoiesis?
Cytokines drive specific cell differentiation pathways
What is the difference between a progenitor cell cytokine and an end-stage cytokine?
Progenitor= act on immature cells
End-stage= act on more differentiated cell types
What is the role of G-CSF in hematopoiesis?
“Granulocyte Colony Simulating Factor”
- Released by macrophages at inflammatory sites
- Circulates to bone marrow
- Causes the production and release of NEUTROPHILS, basophils, and eosinophils
What is the role of EPO in hematopoiesis? What organ produces EPO? Why?
ERYTHROPOIETIN
- Production and release of RBCs in response to HYPOXIA
- Released by peritubular interstitial cells in the kidneys
What is the role of TGF-B in hematopoiesis?
Transforming Growth Factor- Beta
- DOWNREGULATION of cells in the bone marrow
What is the clinical utility of G-CSF?
1) Given to donors to release bone marrow stem cells into the peripheral blood
2) Stimulation of granulopoiesis following chemotherapy-induced marrow suppression.
Note that flow cytometry can be used to isolate bone marrow stem cells, to isolate them and give them to patients. Second, chemotherapy will commonly have a negative impact of granulocytes in the bone marrow. G-CSF will stimulate the production of these granulocytes to allow for more frequent chemotherapy, and decreased infection in the chemotherapy induced immunosuppressed state.
What is GM-CSF? What is the clinical utility of GM-CSF?
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
This is given to increase myeloid cell recovery in bone marrow transplant patients
What are the two different forms of bone marrow? Generally, what is the difference between the two?
Yellow= inactive Red= active
What type of marrow is present in the first few years of life?
Red
Where is red marrow located after age 18?
1) Ribs
2) Sternum
3) Pelvis
What is extramedullary hematopoiesis? Where can this take place?
This is hematopoiesis that occurs OUTSIDE of the bone marrow. It takes place in the:
1) Spleen
2) Liver
Generally, what happens to RBCs during erythropoiesis?
As the cell matures:
1) Cell size decreases
2) N:C ratio decreases
3) Nucleoli decrease in # and disappear
4) Cytoplasmic staining goes from darker blue to lighter blue
What is the definition of erythropoiesis?
Formation or production of RBCs
