Flashcards in EXAM #2: CANCER & HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY Deck (48)
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1
What is the definition of a Leukemia?
- Unregulated growth of WBCs (leukocytes) in the bone marrow
Note that this can leads to either increases or decreases of WBCs in the peripheral blood AND bone marrow failure i.e. pancytopenia.
2
What is the broad definition of a Lymphoma?
Discrete tumor masses in the lymph nodes
3
What is the difference between a Leukemia and Lymphoma?
Leukemia= neoplasm of the bone marrow
Lymphoma= neoplasm of the lymph nodes
4
What is the general difference between an acute and chronic leukemia?
Acute= will kill within weeks without treatment
Chronic= patient may survive for years without treatment
5
What do the terms myeloid, myelogenous, and myeloproliferative refer to?
Tumors involving the:
- Granulocytes
- RBCs
- Platelets
****And their progenitors*****
6
What do the terms lymphoid, lymphocytic, lymphoblastic, and lymphoproliferative refer to?
Tumors involving the:
- B-cells
- T-cells
- NK-cells
*****And their progenitors*****
7
What are the two types of acute leukemia?
Acute myeloblastic (AML)
Acute lymphoblastic (ALL)
8
What is the root of symptoms for patients with ALL and AML?
Pancytopenia
9
What is the difference between ALL-B and ALL-T?
Cell of origin is B vs. T cell in "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"
10
What is the general feature of all AMLs?
Undifferentiated myeloblasts accumulating in the bone marrow
11
What is the most common acute leukemia in adults?
AML
12
What is the basis for the FAB categorization of AML?
Appearance of cells under microscope
13
What is the basis of the WHO categorization of AML?
Pathology, cytogenetics, and molecular characteristics
14
What are the two types of ALL? Which is more common?
B-ALL* (B-cell)
T-ALL (T-cell)
*****This is the most common type of all ALL cases*****
15
What is the most common acute leukemia in children?
ALL
16
What is the difference between a myeloproliferative neoplasm and AML?
Myloeproliferative neoplasm can lead to AML
17
List the major myeloproliferative neoplasms.
1) Polycythemia vera
2) Essential thrombocytpoenia
3) Primary myelofibrosis
18
What is polycythemia vera?
RBC overproduction i.e. Hct >55%
19
What is the mutation associated with polycythemia vera?
JAK2 mutation
20
What is Essential Thrombocythemia?
Overproduction of megakaryocytes/ abnormal platelets
21
What mutations are associated with Essential Thrombocythemia?
JAK2 or MPL
22
What is Primary Myelofibrosis?
Fibrosis that obliterates the bone marrow and produces atypical megakaryocytes
23
What is the genetic mutation associated with Primary Myelofibrosis?
JAK2 or MPL
24
What is CML?
Overgrowth of granulocytic and megakaryocytic precursors in bone marrow due to BCR-ABL fusion gene
*****Can convert to AML*****
25
What is myelodysplastic syndrome?
Class of stem cell disorders that result in ineffective hematopoiesis; causes defects in cell maturation of all non-lymphoid lineages
*****Can convert to AML*****
26
What viral infection causes the predominance of B-cell Lymphoid malignancies?
EBV
27
What cells is ALL typically derived from?
Immature B-cells
28
In CLL and lymphoma, what is the malignant cell population?
Mature B-cells
29
What is the difference between the locations of malignant cells in CLL and lymphoma?
CLL= blood
Lymphoma= lymph node or other tissues
30
