GenBio (3rd Quarter) Flashcards
(73 cards)
Basic and fundamental unit of life, it possesses a highly organized structure that enables it to carry out its vital functions.
Cell
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Have a defined nucleus
Eukaryotic
Lack a defined nucleus
Prokaryotic
All living organisms are composed of ____.
cells
New cells are created from __________.
preexisting cells
THE FOUNDATION OF THE CELL THEORY
• The cell is the basic unit of life.
• All living organisms are composed of cells.
• New cells are created from preexisting cells.
English physicist ________ used of the first light microscopes to look at thin slices of plant tissues.
Robert Hooke
In 1676, __________ published his observations on tiny living organisms which he named animalcules. It was believed that ___________ was the first to observe under his microscope the structure of a red blood cell of different animals as well as a sperm cell.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
In ____, Anton van Leeuwenhoek published his observations on tiny living organisms which he named ________. It was believed that Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe under his microscope the structure of a red blood cell of different animals as well as a sperm cell.
1676
animalcules
________ in 1831 was able to compare diverse kinds of plant specimens under the microscope. He markedly indicated that there is a common thing about them-they are all composed of cells, and inside the cell is a dark dense spot which he termed as the nucleus.
Robert Brown
Robert Brown in ____ was able to compare diverse kinds of plant specimens under the microscope. He markedly indicated that there is a common thing about them-they are all composed of cells, and inside the cell is a dark dense spot which he termed as the ____.
1831
nucleus
__________ (1838) concluded that all plant parts are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
Matthias Schleiden (year?) concluded that all plant parts are made of cells.
1838
____ (1839), also a botanist and a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells, too.
Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann (year?), also a botanist and a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells, too.
1839
In 1858, ________ concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Rudolf Virchow
In ____, Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
1858
Modern Version of Cell Theory
• All known living things are made up of one or more cells.
• All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
• The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
• The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells.
• Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
• Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and the RNA is found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
• All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species.
• Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell.
• All living organisms are composed of and depends on cell to function normally.
These components work together to maintain cellular homeostasis and perform essential life activities.
Structure and basic functions
Cell structures can only be observed under high magnification electron microscope and are separated internally into numerous membranous compartments called ____ (little organs).
Organelles
helps in protecting the plasma membrane and plays a vital role in supporting and protecting the cells. It is a thick outer layer made of cellulose that gives the cell its shape.
Cell wall
The ________ surrounds the cell and is a selective barrier between the interior and the exterior.
cell membrane
Its primary role lies in regulating the passage of substances, including nutrients and waste materials.
cell membrane
