PhySci (3rd Quarter)

Question 1

They are much noted for their contributions in different fields. They were not only great philosophers but great scientists and mathematicians as well.

Answer 1

Greeks

Question 2

It claims that the planets moved in a complicated system of circles. This model also became known as the Ptolemic System.

Answer 2

Ptolemic Model

Question 3

The shape of the Earth. It has bulging equator and squeezed poles.

Answer 3

Oblate Spheroid

Question 4

It was believed to be in fixed position in the sky. However, when the Greeks traveled to places nearer the equator, like Egypt, they noticed that it is closer to the horizon.

Answer 4

North Star

Question 5

A student of Plato and considered as one of the great philosophers of his time; his earth-centered view dominated for almost 2,000 years.

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

An astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.

Answer 6

Eclipse

Question 7

A dark (real image) area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object.

Answer 7

Shadow

Question 8

A Greek philosopher who computed the circumference of the Earth and who gave the most accurate size during their time

Answer 8

Eratosthenes

Question 9

An apparent change in the movement of the planet through the sky. It is not real in that the planet does not physically start moving backwards in its orbit. It just appears to do so because of the relative positions of the planet and Earth and how they are moving around the Sun

Answer 9

Retrograde motion

Question 10

A moment when the Sun’s path in the sky is farthest south in the Northern Hemisphere or farthest north in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer 10

Winter Solstice

Question 11

The longest day of the year. In the Northern Hemisphere it is in June, while in the Southern Hemisphere it’s in December

Answer 11

Summer Solstice

Question 12

The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

Answer 12

Heliocentrism

Question 13

Any theory of the structure of the solar system (or the universe) in which Earth is assumed to be at the center of it all.

Answer 13

Geocentrism

Question 14

He considered the sun as the stationery center of the universe. He classified Earth as a planet just like Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Answer 14

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 15

He was the greatest Italian scientist of the Renaissance. Due to the telescope, he was able to discover and observe important astronomical facts such as lunar craters, the phases of the Venus, the moons of Jupiter, sun spots, and the sizes of the stars

Answer 15

Galileo Galilei

Question 16

study of the location in the sky of celestial objects.

Answer 16

Ancient Positional Astronomy

Question 17

Sky location is inextricably tied to

Answer 17

observation time

Question 18

Moon’s position

Answer 18

Monthly cycles

Question 19

Sun’s position

Answer 19

Annual cycles

Question 20

Planets’ positions

Answer 20

Synodic period cycles

Question 21

It was in ______ that the Golden Age of early astronomy was centered.

Answer 21

Greece

Question 22

Being philosophers, the ______ used philosophical arguments to explain the natural events happening around them including the movements of the stars and other heavenly bodies. But they were also observers. They made use of their observational data to explain certain events. They were the ones who measured the sizes and the distances of the sun and the moon using the basics of geometry and trigonometry which they also developed

Answer 22

Greeks

Question 23

view of the Earth

Answer 23

Geocentric

Question 24

The Greeks also believed that stars traveled daily around the earth. However, they all stayed in a transparent, hollow sphere located beyond the planets. They called this sphere as the

Answer 24

Celestial sphere

Question 25

Greek Astronomers (7)

Answer 25

Eudoxus
Anaxagoras
Hipparchus
Aristarchus
Eratosthenes
Aristotle
Claudius Ptolemy

Question 26

He proposed a system of fixed spheres. He believed that the sun, the moon, the five known planets and the stars were attached to these spheres.

Answer 26

Eudoxus

Question 27

He was able to explain what causes the phases of the moon. According to him, the moon shone only by reflected sunlight

Answer 27

Anaxagoras

Question 28

is considered as the greatest of
the early Greek astronomers. He observed and compared the brightness of 850 stars and arranged them into order of brightness or magnitude. He developed a method for predicting the times of lunar eclipses to within a few hours. Aside from this, he also measured the length of the year to within minutes of the modern value.

Answer 28

Hipparchus

Question 29

The very first Greek to profess the heliocentric view. He learned that the sun was many times farther than the moon and it was much larger than the earth.

Answer 29

Aristarchus

Question 30

The first successful attempt to determine the size of the earth was made by him. He did this by applying geometric principles. He observed the angles of the noonday sun in two Egyptian cities that were almost opposite each other-

Answer 30

Eratosthenes

Question 31

He was a student of Plato. For him, the earth is spherical in shape since it always casts a curved shadow when it eclipses the moon.

Answer 31

Aristotle

Question 32

He believed that the earth was the center of the universe. His Ptolemic Model claimed that the planets moved in a complicated system of circles. This geocentric model also became known as the Ptolemic System.

Answer 32

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 33

either of the two times in the year, the summer ________ and the winter ________, when
the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest and shortest days.

Answer 33

Solstice

Question 34

an obscuring of the light from one
celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or between it and its source of illumination

Answer 34

Eclipse

Question 35

circular shadow of the Earth.

Answer 35

Lunar

Question 36

It was believed to be at a fixed position in the sky. However, when the Greeks traveled to places nearer the equator, like Egypt, they noticed that the North Star is
closer to the horizon.

Answer 36

North Star

Question 37

argued that if the Moon and the Sun were both spherical, then perhaps, the Earth was also spherical.

Answer 37

Aristotle

Question 38

From his measurements, he computed the circumference of the Earth to be approximately 250 000 stadia (a stadium is a unit of measurement used to describe the size of a typical stadium at the time), about 40 000 kilometers.

Answer 38

Alexandria

Question 39

Approximately how many stadia is the circumference of the Earth? What is its equivalent in kilometers?

Answer 39

250,000 stadia
40,000 kilometers

Question 40

is the science of the universe outside of our planet. This is the branch of physical science dealing with heavenly bodies.

Answer 40

Astronomy

Question 41

A natural object that orbits a larger object.

Answer 41

Moon

Question 42

when one celestial body such as a moon or planet moves into the shadow of another celestial body.

Answer 42

Eclipse

Question 43

a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the light from the Sun.

Answer 43

Solar Eclipse

Question 44

one of the cyclically recurring apparent forms of the moon.

Answer 44

Lunar Phase

Question 45

the figure of the moon that is more than half full, looking swollen on one side

Answer 45

Gibbous

Question 46

the figure of the moon that appears as a curve with pointy ends

Answer 46

Crescent

Question 47

growing; describes the moon when the illuminated portion is increasing

Answer 47

Waxing

Question 48

shrinking; describes the moon when the illuminated portion is decreasing.

Answer 48

Waning

Question 49

In the solar system, it is a large round object that orbits the Sun and has cleared out most of the other objects in its orbit

Answer 49

Planet

Question 50

The Sun and all of the planets, comets, etc. that revolve around it

Answer 50

Solar System

Question 51

Even before the advent of the telescopes, ancient astronomers were able to observe the following: (7)

Answer 51

1. rising and setting of the Sun in the east and the west, respectively,
2. point where the Sun rises and sets in the horizon varies in a year,
3. phases of the moon,
4. lunar eclipse,
5. solar eclipse,
6. daily and annual motion of the stars, and
7. planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Question 52

Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations used a primitive version of a sundial, called ______, in systematically observing the motion of the sun.

Answer 52

Gnomon

Question 53

New Moon- There is no illumination on the earth’s side, so it is also sometimes called the

Answer 53

Dark moon

Question 54

appears only when the moon is on the side of the earth most directly in line with the sun.

Answer 54

New moon

Question 55

half the side of the moon facing the earth appears illuminated. It rises about noon, reaches its high point for the day at sundown, and sets near midnight. It ides low in fall and high in spring and takes a middle course during summer and winter.

Answer 55

First quarter

Question 56

The whole side of the moon is now illuminated to viewers from the earth. It rises in the east as the sun sets in the west. It stays up all night long, reaching its highest point about midnight. In summer, it is as low in the sky as the sun is at noon in midwinter. In winter, its apparent height is comparable with that of the sun at noon in summer. In spring and fall it rides at an intermediate height.

Answer 56

Full Moon