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11-JOEL > Philo - 2nd Quarter > Flashcards

Philo - 2nd Quarter Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of ethical behavior and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the questions that arise regarding how one ought to act in a moral state.

A

Normative Ethics

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2
Q

Is the study of moral thought and moral language. Rather than addressing questions about what practices are right and wrong and what are obligations to other people or future generations.

A

Meta Ethics

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3
Q

Well-known anthropologist in his article entitled Folkways our notion of what is ‘right’ stems from man’s basic instinct is to survive.

A

William Sumner

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4
Q

The traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community or group of people.

A

Folkways

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5
Q

Considered right and good by most people: agreeing with a standard of right behavior.

A

Morals

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6
Q

existentialist philosopher assumes the idea of radical freedom, by claiming that man is condemned to be free.

A

Jean-Paul Sartre

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7
Q

Author of the book Ethics: Modern conception of the Principle of Right (1955), there are two necessary conditions for morality to occur: Freedom and Obligation

A

John Mothershead

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8
Q

Is assumed when one is making his choices and is the agent that is taking full responsibility in planning his life, and in one process, planning and budgeting his actions for some future outlook or goals.

A

Freedom

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9
Q

An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound a duty or commitment.

A

Obligation

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10
Q

Define:

Eager

A

enthusiastic, desirous, keen

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11
Q

Define:

Earmark

A

to set aside for a specific use

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12
Q

Define:

Earnest

A

sincere

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13
Q

Define:

Earthenware

A

pottery made from baked clay

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14
Q

Define:

Ebb

A

the flowing away of tidewater to the ocean, decline

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15
Q

Define:

Eccentric

A

unconventional, odd

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16
Q

Define:

Eerie

A

causing fear, weird

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17
Q

Define:

Elate

A

to fill with happiness or pride

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18
Q

Define:

Eloquent

A

able to talk and express oneself well

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19
Q

Define:

Elude

A

to avoid stealthily

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20
Q

John Mothershead is the author of the book?

A

Ethics: Modern Conception of the Principle of Right (1955)

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21
Q

What are the two necessary conditions for morality to occur?

A

Freedom
Obligation

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22
Q

Who said that conduct refers to deliberate human action

A

Mothershead

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23
Q

A way of behaving, thinking, or feeling that is not learned

A

Instinct

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24
Q

Are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine what is important to us.

A

Values

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25
Q

Concern themselves with right and wrong. Also define what is socially acceptable, good or evil.

A

Moral Values

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26
Q

Ideas that society considers important. They are at play when person interacts with the wide world or has to make a decision that will have a consequence on others.

A

Moral Values

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27
Q

An action is considered morally good because of some characteristics of the action itself not because the product of an action is good.

A

Deontological Ethics

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28
Q

Said that deontological ethics presumes that actions are thought to have intrinsic value in their own right.

A

Dupre

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29
Q

Teleological from Greek telos, ___ and logos, ___

A

End, Science
Teleological Ethics

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30
Q

Theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what is good or desirable as an end to be achieved.

A

Teleological Ethics

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31
Q

English philosopher, child genius, contributed the theory Utilitarianism

A

John Stuart Mill

32
Q

A theory of morality, which advocates actions that foster happiness or pleasure and opposes actions that cause unhappiness or harm.

A

Utilitarianism

33
Q

Assumed that pleasure is quantifiable.

A

Jeremy Bentham

34
Q

It is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its non-human contents.

A

Environmental Ethics

35
Q

American conservationist and forester. published an article entitled A sand Country almanac

A

Aldo Leopoldo

36
Q

Emphasized the importance of the adoption of a land ethic giving importance to land as an entity that should be given due respect and love.

A

Aldo Leopoldo

37
Q

Author of the article entitled Environmental Problems and Future Generations

A

Bryan Norton

38
Q

It dealt with wisely using our resources together with the protection of natural monuments or protected areas

A

First Generation Environmental Problems

39
Q

It dealt with the destruction of natural environments and pollution.

A

Second Generation Problems

40
Q

It is trying to deal with the possibility of cataclysms or catastrophes brought by ozone depletion, acid rain and green house effect.

A

Third Present Generations of Environmental Problems

41
Q

Author of a book entitled Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues (1995)

A

Barbara Mckinnon

42
Q

claims that a human centered anthropocentric perspective would have to support broad environmentalism for it to be viable.

A

Barbara Mckinnon

43
Q

Australian philosopher who wrote an article entitled Animal Liberation

A

Peter Singer

44
Q

Said that the realm of being morally considerable must be extended to higher forms of animals or intelligent animals like dogs, chimpanzees who are sentient and therefore, have the capacity to feel pain and thus suffering.

A

Peter Singer

45
Q

Proponent of animal rights who wrote an article entitled The Case for Animal Rights, proposed that animal rights should be accorded to higher forms of animals, especially mammals.

A

Tom Regan

46
Q

It is the view that not only humans and animals but also plants should be morally considerable.

A

Biocentrism

47
Q

In his article The Ethics of Respect for Nature, all living things should be considered as teleological centers of life.

A

Paul Taylor

48
Q

Ethicist, in his article entitled On Being Morally Considerable, proposes that being sentient is just a means of attaining a living organism goal which is being alive or having life.

A

Kenneth Goodpaster

49
Q

Regards ecosystem as holistic entities that should be given moral consideration

A

Ecocentrism

50
Q

In his article entitled The Conceptual Foundations of the land Ethic, proposed that the land ethic morality is the next stage of mans ethical evolutionary development

A

Callicott

51
Q

In his article entitled Challenges in Environmental ethics, has emphasized the need for an ecological conscience for environmental ethics to take a foothold

A

Rolston

52
Q

An environmental movement and philosophy which regards human life as just one of many equal components of a global ecosystem.

A

Deep Ecology

53
Q

It is a movement which simply promotes conservations strategies against pollution and depletion of resources.

A

Shallow Ecology

54
Q

Believed that human beings should look at the self as an extension of nature, where the human ego would be identified with nature.

A

Arne Naess

55
Q

Said that the poor are not at all concerned with intrinsic value of nature and its species or the quality of life: survival is their main concern.

A

Ramachandra Guha

56
Q

The study of relationships between people and their environment, often the interdependece of people, collective and institutions. Social ecology (Book chin), a theory about the relationship between ecological and social issues, associated with Murray Book chin.

A

Social Ecology

57
Q

Believes that ecological problems could be traced to social problems, which he claims are the sources of the growing environmental crisis.

A

Bookchin

58
Q

It is a term that links feminism with ecology. Its advocates say that paternalistic society has led to a harmful split between nature and culture.

A

Ecofeminism

59
Q

Is the change of weather that can last for an extended period of time or may be permanent. It is when the normal, or average, weather for a certain country gives fauna and flora a hard time to adapt its to sudden change.

A

Climate Change

60
Q

Are any kind of species that are at risk of becoming extinct.

A

Endangered Species

61
Q

Is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.

A

Water Scarcity

62
Q

a non profit organization on sustainability leadership stated that the rising global population combined with economic growth in emerging markets will trigger a growing demand for potable water and food.

A

Ceres

63
Q

Is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

A

Sustainable Development

64
Q

In his article entitled Ecology and Morality wrote about human obligations to ecosystems.

A

Peter Wenz

65
Q

Claims that a positive duty is a duty to protect the environment from any and every threat, or a duty to bring aid.

A

Wenz/Peter Wenz

66
Q

The duty to protect the environment from oneself on the other hand, rests on a principle concerning the duty to do no harm which is a negative duty.

A

Wenz/Peter Wenz

67
Q

Former US vice president in an article entitled Global Marshall plan (1990) envisions the attainment of sustainable development by making wealthy nations with advanced economies help third world nations by bringing and sharing their advanced green technologies.

A

Albert Gore

68
Q

French existentialist, considers two ways of reflection, which he calls primary and secondary reflections.

A

Gabriel Marcel

69
Q

Occurs when we inquire about things in a distant and objective manner

A

Primary Reflection

70
Q

Is best understood as an act of critical reflection on primary reflection, and as a process of recovery of the “mysteries of being.” cannot occur without involving the inquirer into his inquiry.

A

Secondary Reflection

71
Q

Stated that having a
body implies ownership.

A

Gabriel Marcel

71
Q

Refers to the things in our
lives that are already given.

Example : family

A

Facticity

71
Q

German philosopher calls human beings dasein, a German word which literally means being there.

A

Martin Heidegger

72
Q

Is used in data analysis when data is collected across both space and time. It describes a phenomenon in a certain location and time — for example, shipping movements across a geographic area over time

A

Spatial Temporal Being

73
Q

Having a body which links us to world appears to be a source of limitation because we can never directly and fully experience the world.

A

Body as Intermediary

11-JOEL (32 decks)

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