GEOG363 EXAM 1

Question 1

data integration

Answer 1

bringing different sets together to be used

Question 2

what does visualization do?

Answer 2

it reveals hidden relationships between things to communicate ideas

Question 3

geoprocessing

Answer 3

computing data onto a map

Question 4

hipsometric

Answer 4

different colors describing different elevations

Question 5

Eucledian space is also known as

Answer 5

cartesian coordinates

Question 6

tuple

Answer 6

ordered set of numbers EG (x,y)

Question 7

topology

Answer 7

ignores metric details and idenitfies relational structures or how things relate in space

Question 8

discrete

Answer 8

has defiend edges

Question 9

continuoes

Answer 9

does not have defined edges

Question 10

what type of map is discrete and has object view

Answer 10

vector

Question 11

what type of map is continous and has field view

Answer 11

raster

Question 12

tesselations

Answer 12

pixels

Question 13

interval data

Answer 13

continuous data that can be negative

Question 14

ratio

Answer 14

has a natural zero EG height

Question 15

3 componenets of geospatial data

Answer 15

spatial
thematic
temporal

Question 16

what 2 things define vector data

Answer 16

magnitudew and direction

Question 17

3 components of 3 tubule

Answer 17

lat long and height

Question 18

node

Answer 18

has start, endpoint, intersection

is a special case of a vertx

Question 19

vertex

Answer 19

simply a point on a line

Question 20

what do rows represent

Answer 20

features

Question 21

what do columns represent

Answer 21

attributes of features

Question 22

what do spherical coordinates measure

Answer 22

angles with lambda and phi

Question 23

name 2 great circles on earth

Answer 23

the equator and the prime meridian+int date line

Question 24

name 2 examples of small circles on earth

Answer 24

the tropics of capricorn and cancer

Question 25

what is the difference in the way the prime meridian and the equator are determined

Answer 25

the equator has right angles to the earth's axis and the prime meridian is arbitrary

Question 26

how is a geoid determined

Answer 26

it is the physical model that is based on surface gravitational pull

Question 27

datum

Answer 27

a set of reference points

Question 28

datum shift

Answer 28

differences in coordinates between datum

Question 29

planimetric

Answer 29

accurate with cartesian coordniates

Question 30

azimute

Answer 30

defines the direction you are facing in degrees

Question 31

aspect

Answer 31

position from which projection is centered and viewed

Question 32

transversal rotation

Answer 32

rotating the globe so that north and south aren't up and down

Question 33

what does conformality preserve

Answer 33

azimuths or direction and angles

Question 34

preserves area in projections

Answer 34

equivalence

Question 35

tissot indicotric

Answer 35

circles that represent distortion in projections

Question 36

if circles are circular what is being preserved

Answer 36

conformity

Question 37

if circles remain the same size that preserve...

Answer 37

equivalence

Question 38

what 2 things do cartesian systems have

Answer 38

a fixed origin and coordinates

Question 39

generalization

Answer 39

simplifying detailed lines when decreasing scale

Question 40

what is the most common shape of a tessellation

Answer 40

square

Question 41

2 terms that refer to pixels of raster images

Answer 41

cells or more rarely grid elements

Question 42

whta is the smallest distinguishgable unit in a raster

Answer 42

a cell

Question 43

nyquist shannnon smapling theory and which sub-field of GIS does it relate to

Answer 43

resolution should be atleast 1/2 as fine as the smallest image we wish to detect remote sensing

Question 44

Any cell rule

Answer 44

always continuous but wider line

Question 45

Near center rule

Answer 45

Thin line but may be discontinuous

Question 46

what does post processing do

Answer 46

smooth lines when converting from raster to vector

Question 47

bit-depth

Answer 47

how many bits

Question 48

TIN

Answer 48

triangulated irrwegular network

Question 49

Vector models produce smaller data sets ● Topological relations are better handled using vectors ● Analysis is simpler on raster data in many cases ● Overlays are simple in the raster model ● TINs provide flexible facet sizes (efficiency)

Answer 49

k

Question 50

what do horizontal datums describe

Answer 50

points against which latitude and longitude can be measured

Question 51

what do vertical datums describes

Answer 51

points against which heigh or depth can be measured

Question 52

what is the most popular datum system and what two giants use it?

Answer 52

WGS 84 google earth and gps

Question 53

why does datum shift occur

Answer 53

different datum points use different best fit ellipsoids of earth to best describe specific areas

Question 54

rhumb or loxodrome

Answer 54

a course of constant bearing used by mariners

Question 55

2 important properties of the Lambert conformal conic

Answer 55

it is true along 2 standard parallels and works for a country's east to west expanse

Question 56

name 3 properties of the UTM

Answer 56

1. good for north to south expanse 2. are 6 degrees wide 3. origin is 500,000 meters west of central meridian (EQUATOR IS ZERO IN NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND ANTARCTICE IS ZERO IN SOUTHERN

Question 57

gnomonic map projection

Answer 57

turns great circles into straight lines tangentally.