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College! > GEOG110 Exam 2 > Flashcards

GEOG110 Exam 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

name the 5 fog types

A 
advection
radiation (ground/morning fog)
upslope (valley fog)
frontal
autumn-steam
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2
Q

what fog type involves cold air moving over a warm surface

A

autumn-steam

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3
Q

how is fog formed in the 4 popular fog types

A

by warm air moving over a cool surface and raising relative humidity

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4
Q

name the 3 types of convection processes

A

strong heating at earth’s surface
forced convection
slantwise convection

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5
Q

strong heating at earth’s surface

A

upward moving air that forms cumulus clouds

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6
Q

forced convection

A

air uplift caused by orography, coastlines, or large urban areas

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7
Q

slantwise convection

A

occurs along fronts

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8
Q

why are adiabatic processes possible?

A

air is a poor conductor of heat

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9
Q

what are the 3 types of ELR?

A

normal - decrease in temp with increase height
inverted - increase in temp with increase height
isotherm - temps remains same with height

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10
Q

what rate does temp normally decrease at

A

-.8 C / 100m or -8 C / 1km

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11
Q

what are the 2 adiabatic lapse rates

A

dry (unsaturated) RH

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12
Q

what is the condensation level

A

the level where clouds form

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13
Q

dry ALR

A

-1 C / 100 m

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14
Q

wet ALR

A

-.6 C / 100m

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15
Q

why is dry ALR a conserved quantity and why is WLR not?

A

the rate is the same weather rising or falling when dry

when wet a heat source is required to raise the air through evaporation (this heat source lowers the W-ALR)

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16
Q

what type of weather does sinking air indicate

A

fair weather and a stable atmosphere

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17
Q

what type of weather does rising air indicate

A

thunderstorms and unstable atmosphere

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18
Q

what does it mean when the ELR = ALR

A

neutral atmosphere (rare)

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19
Q

what is the level of free convection?

A

where the air in parcel is warmer than ELR and continues to rise
creates an unstable atmosphere and cumuloforms

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20
Q

what kinds of clouds are stable?

A

startiform

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21
Q

sensible heating and where?

A

heat gained or lost due to temp changes across surfaces (deserts)

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22
Q

latent heating and where?

A

heat gained or loss due to phase change of water (jungles)

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23
Q

latent heat and energy taken from environment

A

evaporation

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24
Q

latent heat and energy released into environment

A

condensation

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25
why is there relative humidity
the air can hold different levels of moisture depending on the temperature
26
dew point
temperature of condesation
27
what happens to relative humidity when air temperature is increased?
the relative humidity goes down (feels less humid)
28
what happens to relative humidity when air temperature is decreased?
the relative humidity goes up (feels more humid)
29
name the three processes that form clouds
``` contact cooling (fog) air mass mixing (cold fronts) adiabatic cooling (air rising and cooling) ```
30
cloud associated with moist, but stable air
stratus
31
cloud associated with unstable air
cumulus
32
cloud associated with neutral air
lenticular or lee wave
33
both ALR and WALR are to the right of the ELR
absolute instability or superadiabatic
34
both ALR and WALR are to the left of the ELR
absolute stability or inversion
35
how do nocturnal thunderstorms develop
clouds that form during the day give off long wave radiation to the atmosphere at night. when they lose this heat the thunderstorms form
36
name to quasi forms of precipitation
dew and frost
37
what is precipitation that evaporates before hitting the ground
virga
38
what is the itcz
inter tropic convergence zone
39
what controls snowfall in the western US
orography
40
what controls snowfall in the eastern us
mostly controlled by zones but some lake effect and ororgaphy
41
what are the three stages of thunderstorm development
cumulus cumulonimbus dissipation
42
name three elements of the first stage of thunderstorm development
vertical cloud development air rising through cloud freezing isotherm is pushed up symmetrically
43
cumulonimbus stage of thunderstorm
precipitation begins asymmetrical isotherms updraft of warm air downdraft of cooled air (wind shear)
44
what is special about -40 C
it is the same as - 40 F and is the temperature where water freezes instantaneously
45
dissipating stage
anvil cloud asymmetrical anvil shows dominant wind direction no more rising air cool air sinking
46
6 types of thunderstorms
``` air mass frontal cyclonic orographic cold-storm nocturnal convergence ```
47
air mass thunderstorms
humid diurnal heat | summer afternoon
48
frontal cyclonic
thunderstorms that develop near cold fronts
49
orographic thunderstorms
due to mountains high alt = more sun warm air is pushed up by mountain
50
cold-storm
cold air moving over warm surface | typical of US west coast
51
convergence
two breezes running toward each other, nowhere to go but up | typical of florida
52
where do the most thunderstorms on earth occur?
west/central africa
53
what is the maritime continent?
indonesia, malysia, and new guinea
54
does subsidence promote evaporation or condensation
evaporation
55
name a climactic event associated with forced drought
ENSO
56
what is the usual or long term state of the atmosphere
conditional
57
what is the area of soil where there is nod difference between night and day temps
damping depth
58
any water based thing that falls from the air
hydrometeor
59
where would there be high PE and low AE
deserts
60
where would there be high PE and high AE
lake mead
61
where would there be low PE and low AE
arctic
62
Can AE be higher than PE
no, never
63
fetch
horizontal distance exposed to the wind
64
where is precip greatest in the mid latitudes with respect to ororgaphy
at the highest point of the mountain
65
where is precip the greatest in the tropics with respect to orography
the middle point of the mountain

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