Instituto Cervantes 01 Flashcards

(17 cards)

1
Q
  1. Expresar PROBABILIDAD sobre una ACCIÓN FUTURA que tendrá lugar una vez ACABADA OTRA ACCIÓN. (3 elements)
  2. Se usa con EXPRESIONES DE DESEO cuando una ACCIÓN ha TERMINADO RECIENTEMENTE. (2 elements)
  3. Para expresar OPINIÓN sobre una acción/situación ACABADA RECIENTEMENTE recientemente (que a veces tiene una consecuencia en el presente).
  4. En las oraciones NEGATIVAS que llevan las expresiones de OPINIÓN (creer, opinar, pensar, estar seguro de, es verdad que…) y que hablan de una acción que ha pasado RECIENTEMENTE.
A
  1. What 4 circs use pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo? (there are 5 in total) (all 4 are subjective for various reasons)
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2
Q
  1. Iré CUANDO los músicos HAYAN TERMINADO DE tocar. (prob + re future action + after another future event)
  2. Isabel lleva una semana con dolor de garganta
  3. aunque este ACUARIO tiene muchas especies animales
A
  1. I will go WHEN the musicians HAVE FINISHED PLAYING. (why vb structure?)
  2. Isabel HAS HAD a sore throat for a week.
  3. although this ACQUARIUM has many animal species
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3
Q
  1. ¡qué pena que se hayan divorciado! (opinion + about recent event)
  2. Cuando el avión haya aterrizado te mandaré un mensaje (prob + re future event + after another future event)
  3. Espero que les haya gustado y se lo hayan pasado bien (expression of desire + recent finished event)
A
  1. It’s a shame they got divorced. (why vb structure?)
  2. When the plane has landed I will send you a message. (why vb structure?)
  3. I hope they enjoyed it and had a good time. (why vb structure?)
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4
Q
  1. Los reporteros de televisión preguntan a los aficionados qué LES HA PARECIDO el partido.
  2. Dicen que ha estado bien pero …
  3. Mi hijo está tardando mucho en salir del colegio
  4. Me preocupa que le haya pasado algo malo (opinion + about s.th recently happened + consq now)
A
  1. The television reporters asked the fans what THEY THOUGHT OF the game.
  2. They said it was good but …
  3. My son is really LATE in getting out of school.
  4. I’m worried that something bad has happened to him. (Why vb structure?)
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5
Q
  1. No es verdad que el partido haya sido bueno. (Neg opinion + action in recent past)
  2. Me preocupa que todavía no se haya curado (opinion + about s.th recently happened + consq now)
  3. Me molesta que no me hayan dicho nada
  4. Mi esposa vio mi herida y me INSTÓ A que vaya al hospital (instar)
A
  1. It’s not true that it was a good game.(Why vb structure?)
  2. I’m worried that she’s still not better. (even though on antibiotics) (Why?)
  3. I’m annoyed that they didn’t say anything . (re the party) (Why?)
  4. My wife saw the wound and URGED ME to go to hospital (vb) (+ to press)
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6
Q

1a the action is still taking place.
1b. the action has finished recently.
1a + 1b both in subj cos’ negative opinions
4. En las ORACIONES DE RELATIVO cuando nos referimos a alguien o algo NO CONOCIDO refiriéndonos a una acción acabada (en general recientemente). ie when talking about conditions

A

1a. No creo que el coronavirus sea bueno para la salud
1b. No creo que haya sido bueno el partido
1c. what is difference in time re 1a and 1b?
4. What is 5th situation use pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo?

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7
Q
  1. Es necesario que los inmigrantes hayan estudiado inglés para vivir en Sídney. (don’t know them + action must have happened ie condition)
  2. Ya desembolsé todo lo que debía (desembolsar)
  3. Mi sueño sería DEVENIR actor de Hollywood (devenir)
  4. La causa de la DEFUNCIÓN fue un ataque al corazón
A
  1. It’s necessary that immigrants have studied English to live in Sydney. (why vb structure?)
  2. I’ve already PAID (OUT) everything I owed. (vb)
  3. My dream would be TO BECOME a Hollywood actor (ie as transform + turn into)
  4. The cause of DEATH was a heart attack.
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8
Q
  1. En nuestra empresas buscamos a gente que haya estudiado ingeniería. (don’t know them + action must have happened ie condition)
  2. Me parece que llegamos a un CALLEJÓN SIN SALIDA
  3. HA LLOVIDO MUCHO desde 2002.
  4. Mi mayor AFÁN es llegar a ser una cantante famosa
A
  1. In our business we’re looking for people that have studied engineering. (why vb structure?)
  2. I think we´ve reached an IMPASSE/DEAD-END (ie a problem without a solution)
  3. A LOT HAS HAPPENED since 2002. (an expression)
  4. My greatest DESIRE + AMBITION is to become a famous singer
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9
Q
  1. Vuelves a contar y te SALEN 257 vacas
  2. Te PONGO otro ejemplo.
  3. El otro día llamé a mi madre y ME SALE CON que por mi culpa está triste. (unexpected + came out of her mouth)
  4. la CONVOCATORIA va DIRIGIDA A aquellas personas
A
  1. You count them again and it COMES OUT at 257 cows (note vb + ides of unexpected)
  2. I’ll GIVE you another example. (Cristina)
  3. I called my mother the other day and SHE CAME OUT WITH that it was my fault she was said. (why use vb)
  4. The CALL (as in invitation) is AIMED AT + DIRECTED TO those persons
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10
Q
  1. ME QUEDÉ SORPRENDIDO cuando llamaste (quedarse sorprendido)
  2. ME SORPRENDÉ cuando llamaste (sorprenderse)
  3. Me quedé alucinado que (from alucinarse - to be amazed)
  4. Este medicamento CADUCÓ el mes pasado. (caducar)
A
  1. I was surprised when you called (vb 1)
  2. I was surprised when you called (vb 2)
  3. I was amazed that … (same structure as vb 1. but stronger (explain amazed)
  4. This medicine EXPIRED last month (vb)
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11
Q
  1. si acaso ya te pondrás a buscarlas el miércoles
  2. si acaso las buscaré el miércoles.
  3. La matiz con usar el verbo ponerse, da énfasis en el hecho de que actuarás en ese momento, en que empezarás a preocuparte en ese momento. Cuando dices que lo buscarás ya está planeado que lo vas a hacer. Con ponerse, significa que hasta ese momento no te preocuparás de dónde están las vacas.
A
  1. Just in case I will look for them on wed. (struct 1.)
  2. Just in case I will look for them on wed. (struct 2.)
  3. What does the verb in struct 1 add? (Cristina)
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12
Q
  1. Menudo año 2020 Oh my DIOSITO
  2. VOLVEMOS A LAS ANDADAS, con el confinamiento
  3. ME PUSE un poco nervioso, pero
  4. Es probable que PARA julio Cristina ya haya terminado la carrera.
A
  1. What a 2020! Oh my LORDIE! (Carlos)
  2. HERE WE GO AGAIN, with the confinement
  3. I GOT a little nervous, but … (MercadoC)
  4. It’s likely that BY July Cristina will already have finished her degree.
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13
Q
  1. Por favor perdoname por el aviso TARDÍO
  2. Al final mi compañera Elvira va a DAR la clase y está haciendo cosas DE REPASO,
  3. … no van a DAR nada nuevo
  4. PUEDE QUE a fin de mes Alberto ya haya encontrado piso en Madrid. (prediction future + re sth happen + before sth else)
A
  1. Please pardon me for the LATE notice
  2. In the end my colleague Elvira is going to TAKE the class and she is doing a REFRESHER/REVIEW OF things
  3. they won’t DO anything new (not hacer)
  4. IT’S POSSIBLE THAT by the end of the month Albert will have already found a flat in Madrid (Why?)(Not - quizás, tal vez, a lo mejor, lo mejor or igual - think might)
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14
Q
  1. Me alegro de que os hayáis SACADO el carné. (sacar - get, as in receive) (opinion + sth recent past + consequences now ie can drive the car)
  2. Hasta la DIAPOSITIVA 9 del power point, están los diferentes usos de …
    3a. Referring to situations that still not taken place + are going to take place now + o en el futuro reciente.
    3b. Referring to actions in recent past.
  3. llevan a cabo en el Mediterráneo
A
  1. I´m glad you GOT your licence.(vb) (why?)
  2. Up to SLIDE 9 of the powerpoint, are the different uses of …
  3. When expressing criteria use:
    3a. Aquellas imágenes que OBTENGAN más de 250 votos. (Why present subj)
    3b. Aquellas imágenes que HAYAN SIDO editadas con programas de tratamiento de imagen
  4. CARRIED OUT in the Mediterranean
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15
Q
  1. Para ACCEDER a la universidad es necesario HABER APROBADO el examen de selectividad. (haber + past participle)
    2a. Two actions in sentence.
    2b. One action is a condition for the other
  2. ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad (poner de manifiesto)
  3. El programa de apadrinamiento (from apadrinar - to sponsor, from padrino - godfather)
A
  1. To be ADMITTED to university it is necessary to HAVE PASSED the entrance exam.
  2. Why structure “have passed”
  3. has EXPOSED-HIGHLIGHTED the need (vb)
  4. The SPONSORSHIP programme (explain N - sponsorship)
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16
Q
  1. In common - both are conditions
  2. Differences - 1a is a general condition + reason is in the infinitive is because no specific subject.
    1b there is a specific subject (los estudiantes) therefore has to be conjugated
  3. Los candidatos deben haber CURSADO sus estudios en alguna universidad europea (cursar)
  4. is a condition + no que separating out different subjects
A

What is in common + what is different re:

1a. Para acceder a la universidad es necesario HABER APROBADO el examen de selectividad
1b. Para acceder a la universidad es necesario que los estudiantes HAYAN APROBADO el examen de la selectividad
3. The candidates should have STUDIED/DONE their studies in an european university (to study/to read)
4. why that structure

17
Q
  1. El infinitivo simple se refiere a acciones presentes y el infinitivo compuesto a las acciones terminadas recientemente.
  2. Para ser seleccionado es necesario REUNIR todos los requisitos (infinitive = cos’ refer to action in present)
  3. ha decidido TOMAR CARTAS EN EL ASUNTO
  4. para FLETAR una EMBARCACIÓN
A
  1. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el infinitivo simple y el infinitivo compuesto?
  2. To be selected it is necessary to SATISFY/MEET all the requirements. (why structure?)
  3. He decided to TAKE MATTERS INTO HIS OWN HANDS
  4. to CHARTER a VESSEL (ie boat)