Instituto Cervantes 02_01 Flashcards
(13 cards)
1a. Quedo a la espera de sus noticias-respuesta.
1b. Quedo a su entera disposición.
2a. Hago JORNADA INTENSIVA, y trabajo desde las 8 hasta las 15 sin hacer ninguna pausa. O sea, que cuando salgo tengo un hambre … (yes, cos extra info)
Two ways to close a formal letter:
1a. I await your news-reply.
1b. I remain at your disposal
2a. I work [a] SHORTER WORKING DAY and work from 8 to 3 WITHOUT A BREAK. That is, when I leave I’m hungry .. (THAT IS with que or no?)
1a. + 1b. Atentamente, + Cordialmente,
1c. Les saluda atentamente o cordialmente,
1d. Un salud cordial o Un cordial salud
2a. To give info about the cause (ie like como, porque etc)
2b. por + inf
2c. por + N
1a to 1d. Four ways to sign off a letter + NOTE the commas
2a. When use por like because
2b. Struct 1 using por
2c. Struct 2 using por
1a. hecho/acción/situation + porque + expresión de la causa
1b. No he dormido nada porque estaba nervioso.
3. Por culpa de la lluvia suspendieron el concierto. (1. Neg conseq = por culpa de or por culpa de que. 2 Followed by N = por culpa de. 3 In this structure no comma)
4. El otro día me multaron por conducir rápido (por + inf)
1a. What is structure when use porque as because?
1b. I didn´t sleep at all because I was nervous.
3. BECAUSE OF the rain they cancelled the concert (Decision path for because of + what note?)
4. The other day I was fined for driving fast. (why that cause connector)
1a. debido a + a causa de
1b. Debido a OR a causa de + sustantivo/pronombre personal o demostrativo
1c. Debido a que OR a causa de que + verbo
4. causa un cierto CONJUNTO de SINTOMAS
1a. What are the 2 connectors which mean DUE TO?
1b. structure 1 with due to connector?
1c. structure 2 with due to connector?
4. causes a certain COMBINATION of SYMPTOMS
1a. En vista de que + Dado que
1b. In formal situations + to express s.th which evident or can prove + use dado que less frequently
1c. Cos’ use when situation certain - Connector + cause, conseq
4. se diluye 1 a 100 en 30 diluciones SERIADAS (diluir = to dilute, diluirse = to dissolver, therefore must be impersonal se)
1a. What are 2 connectors which mean GIVEN or IN VIEW OF (ie taking into account)
1b. When use 2 connectors and which most common?
1c. Where place the 2 connectors?
4. one dilutes 1 to 100 in 30 dilutions IN A SERIES (vb)
- EN VISTA DE QUE el autobús no viene, nos vamos en tren (dado que is very formal)
2a. No podía FALTAR nunca A clase, YA QUE mis padres eran directores de la escuela (falta a = to miss)
2b. Everyday situation + conseq, connector + cause = not como + not puesto que. There is a commo = not porque. Therefore = ya que. - es biológica y quimicamente INVEROSÍMIL
- GIVEN the bus isn’t coming, lets go by train. (why that given word)
2a. I could never MISS class BECAUSE my parents were the school HEADMASTERS-PRINCIPALS (vb)
2b. why that because word - its biologically and chemically IMPLAUSIBLE (or improbable)
- Dado que tenemos más ventas, contrataremos a más trabajadores. (en vista de que isn’t formal enough)
2a. Pasé tantos años estudiando en un colegio muy pegueño, QUE me costó un montón adaptarme a la universidad.
2b. a really informal context + after a pause or comma = que
- GIVEN we’re selling more, we’ll hire more workers (why that given word) (NB use spanish tener constr for selling more)
1a. I spent so many years studying in a very small college, BECAUSE I found it really hard to adapt to university.
1b. Why that word for because.
1a. ¡He vuelto a suspender Historia! Creo que el profesor me tiene manía (me/te + tener manía)
1b. ¡Pero que dices! Si has suspendido es porque no te esfuerzas ni lo más minimo. (classic struct = consequence + porque + cause, and no comma)
3. se ha estudiado EN FORMA AMPLIA la EFICACIA de los medicamentos homeopáticos
1a. I´ve failed History again! I think the teacher has it in for me. (expression)
1b. What are you saying! If you failed its BECAUSE you don´t even try (cause not a lit transl) (why that word because)
3. the EFFICACY of homeopathic medicines have been WIDELY studied
1a ¿Al final le han dado a tu hija el trabajo en Londres?
1b. No, al final no. Es que COMO no habla muy bien inglés, no superó la última prueba
1c. Every day context + at beg + cause, conseq
1d. superar = pass, as in to succeed in eg an interview. Aprobar = pass, as in school test or legislation.
1a. In the end did they give your daughter the job in London?
1b. No, in the end no. Its that SINCE she doesn´t speak English very well she didn´t PASS the last test
1c. why that word SINCE
1d. explain pass vb? not aprobar
1a. (verbo) tan + adj + que
1b. (verbo) tanto/a/os/as + sustantivo + que/como
1c. verbo + tanto + que
1d. Con + (lo) adj + que + vb + comma
1e. Con + quantity word + lo que + vb + comma (eg todo, tanto)
1g. De + (lo) + noun + que + vb + comma
What are the 4 basic construcciones intensificadores (ignoring muy, muchísimo and le encanta) 1a. with tan? 1b and 1c. with tanto? 1d and 1e. with con? 1e. with de?
- De lo bueno que es, todo el mundo se aprovecha de él (De lo + N + que + vb + comma)
- Es tan inteligente que no necesita estudiar para los exámenes (vb + tan + adj + que)
- Con todo lo que has hecho por Marcial, no entiendo cómo ha podido tratarte tan mal (Con + quantity word + lo que + vb + comma)
- Me gustaba tanto que me lo comí todo en un día. (vb + tanto + que)
- Given how good he is, everyone takes advantage of him. (what intensifier and structure?)
- He is so intelligent that he doesn’t need to study for the exams. (what intensifier and structure?)
- WITH all that you´ve done for Marcial I don´t understand how he could treat you so badly. (what intensifier and structure?)
- I liked it so much that I ate it all in a day. (what intensifier and structure?)
- Me leí tantas veces ese artículo que me lo aprendí de memoria. (vb + tanto/a + N + QUE or como)
- Nunca antes había tenido tanto trabajo como ahora.(vb + tanto/a + N + que or COMO)
- Con lo intelligente que es, no le costará aprobar el curso. (Con + (lo) adj + que + vb + comma)
- Del frío que hacía, no podía mover los dedos (De + (lo) + noun + que + vb + comma)
- I’ve read that article so many times that I know it by heart. (what intensifier and structure?)
- I’ve never had so much work as now. (what intensifier and structure?)
- Given how intelligent he is he won´t find it hard to pass the course. (what intensifier and structure?)
- Given-With how cold it was, I couldn’t move my toes. (what intensifier and structure?)
- En algunas enfermedades que CARECEN DE estrategias de medicina convencional claramente beneficiosas (carecer de = faltar)
- SOBRE LA BASE DEl poder curativo de la naturaleza
- EN CONJUNTO, creo +EN GENERAL, creo
- los sistemas de CURACIÓN tradicionales
- In some diseases that lack clearly beneficial conventional medicine strategies
- ON THE BASIS OF the healing power of nature or BASED ON)
- OVERALL-ON THE WHOLE , I think (x2)(as in all things considered)
- the traditional HEALING systems
