Instituto Cervantes 02-02

Question 1

1. como acupuntura, ASESORAMIENTO, terapia física (from asesorar = aconsejar)
2. imaginería guiada y MANEJO de estrés
3. ALIENTA el uso de vacunas DE ACUERDO CON las DIRECTRICES de fuentes autorizadas (alentar)(directriz)
4. Los profesionales naturopáticos CON FREQUENCIA INDICAN infusiones intravenosas de vitamina C (indicar = recetar = prescribir)

Answer 1

1. like acupuncture, ADVICE, physical therapy (explain advice)
2. guided imagery and stress MANAGEMENT (not gestión)
3. ENCOURAGES the use of vacines IN ACCORDANCE WITH the GUIDELINES of authoritative sources (what vb = encourage or spur on, not animar)
4. Professional naturopaths OFTEN PRESCRIBE intravenous infusions of vitamin C (vb + 2 alts) (not a menudo)

Question 2

1. Pues no sé. Se oyen tantas cosas que ya no sé que pensar. (vb + tanto/a/os/as + N + que/como) (que cos’ not a comparison)
2. AL IGUAL QUE en otros estudios
3. Además, los ingredientes activos pueden interactuar ENTRE SÍ + DE MANERA compleja
4. ella iba adelantada de su tiempo + cálculos

Answer 2

1. Well I don´t know. One hears SO MANY THINGS that I don´t know what to think. (explain intensificadora) (why que not como)
2. JUST LIKE (or JUST AS) in other studies
3. Besides, the active ingredients interact WITH EACH OTHER + IN A complex WAY
4. she was ahead of her time + calculations (Cristina corrections)

Question 3

1a. Voy a preparar la cena, que tengo invitados.
1b. Habla muchos idiomas, pero no tiene experiencia, o sea, que no lo vamos a contratar.
1c. The 1st comma + que = casual (ie the reason why) + oral conversation = because. The 2nd comma + que = consecutive (ie reformulation + plus extra info) + both oral & written.
4. , SÍ QUE + SE UTILIZAR en el lenguaje escrito
5. ‘¡Sí que están caros, los higos…!’

Answer 3

1a. I’m going to make dinner because I have guests. (Not porque)
1b. He speaks many languages, but doesn’t have experience, in other words we’re not going to employ him.
1c. explain the different uses of que?
4. , ABSOLUTELY + IT IS USED in written language. (Cristina) (+ = indeed, really, totally ie any emphasizer)(vb alt to usar + used in the impersonal)
5. They’re REALLY expensive these figs! (eg of 4)

Question 4

1. Parecía gordo de tanta ropa que llevaba (conseq + de + tanto-a-os-as + N + que + vb)
2. lidiar con (= tratar)
   3a Entonces
   - Por lo que (which is why)
   - En consecuencia
   - Por siguiente (therefore-hence)
   - Así que (so)
   - Así pues (therefore, so)

Answer 4

1. He looked fat (from) wearing so many clothes (struct)
2. to deal with, as in to handle (alt vb?)
   3a. What are the USUAL conectores consecutivas? (x6) AAEEPP

Question 5

1. No veíamos la carretera de tanta niebla COMO había. (conseq + de + tanto-a-os-as + N + que/como + vb)
2. aducir
3. Expresses the logical consequence or result of earlier mentioned facts
4. the situation + coma o punto + conector + indic vb o infinitivo in sentence explaining result/conseq
   5a. De ahí que + verbo en subjuntivo (thus, therefore)
   5b. De ahí + sustantivo (informal) (hence, therefore)

Answer 5

1. We couldn’t see the road from so much fog. (struct)
2. to claim (ie presentar o alegar pruebas para justificar algo)
3. What is an oración consecutiva?
4. What is the structure of conectores consecutivas?
5. What is the exception to the structure?

Question 6

1. El tráfico va mal de tantos coches que hay. (conseq + de + tanto-a-os-as + N + que + indic vb) (estar en apuras = to be in a mess, eg the country) (que cos not a comparison)
   2 De modo que + de forma que + de manera que (so that)
2. conque (so then, as in thus)
3. con el paso de años me fui dando cuenta de …

Answer 6

1. The traffic is going badly from so many cars. (struct) (what else ir mal colloquially mean) (why que not como)
2. What are the FORMAL conectores consecutivas (x3 + variations)?
3. What is the other conector consecutiva that is seldom used?
4. as the years went by I GRADUALLY realised … (how make realise -> gradually or I came to realise?)

Question 7

1. Carla está siempre estresada de tanto trabajo COMO tiene. (conseq + de + tanto-a-os-as + N + que/como + indic vb) (como = comparison)
2. Tiene tanto trabajo que siempre está estresada (cause + vb + tanto + N + que + conseq, porque struct)
3. No estoy de buen humor, ASÍ PUES ASÍ QUE cállate por favor (cause + usual connect + conseq or result with indic or imp)
4. Tengo que acabar la redacción, DE MODO QUE dejadme tranquilo.

Answer 7

1. Carla is always stressed FROM SO MUCH work. (struct) (why como not que?)
2. She has SO MUCH work that she’s always stressed. (alt struct, Cristina)
3. I’m not in a good mood, SO be quiet please. (struct)
4. I’ve got to finish the paper, SO leave me alone please. (eg a work situation, so more formal)

Question 8

1a. Los niños estaban excitadísimos de tantos regalos que habían recibidos. (conseq + de + tanto-a-os-as + N + que/como + indic vb)
1b. Habían recibido tantos regalos que … (cause + vb + tanto + N + que + conseq, ie a porque structure)
2. Me quedé sin batería, DE AHÍ QUE no PUDIERA avisarte (oración conseq + de ahÏ + que + subj)
3. Nunca me ha gustado estudiar y POR DICHO MOTIVO cuando …
4. no me hacía sentirme bien conmigo misma

Answer 8

1a. The children were really excited FROM ALL the presents (struct)
1b. They had received SO MANY presents that … (alt struct, Cristina)
2. My battery died HENCE I couldn’t let you know (explain)
3. I never liked studying and FOR SAID REASON when …
4. (the work) didn´t make me feel good about myself

Question 9

1a. Hice la tortilla como me indicaste. (indicar). If como indicate cause = at beginning. If como indicates mode = middle.
1b on the condition that + as long as/provided that + if and when/as long as + as long as/provided that. Use when condition has to be met + subj
1c. on the off chance/supposing/in the event that + a condition that is unlikely to be met + subj
1d. unless + unless + unless/save that + except + to introduce the only option if condition not met + subj

Answer 9

Oraciones modales:

1a. Como - I made the tortilla as you showed me. (not mostrar) + what structure with como
1b. A condición de que + con tal de que + siempre y cuando + siempre que + when use? + what structure?
1c. en caso de que + when use? + what structure?
1d. a no ser que + a menos que + salvo que + excepto que + when use? + what structure?

Question 10

1. Llévate el libro, pero SIEMPRE QUE me lo devuelvas mañana. (llevarse) (condition has to be met + subj)
2. Sólo EN CASO DE QUE vuelva. (condition unlikely to be met + subj)
3. Puedes usar mi ordenador CON TAL DE QUE lo cuides. (condition has to be met + subj)
4. voy a hacer lo que pueda y lo mandaré como esté…

Answer 10

1. Take the book, but PROVIDED that you return it to me tomorrow, (vb) (why?)
2. Just IN CASE he comes back. (why?)
3. You can use my computer PROVIDED you take care of it. (why?)
4. I will do what I can and I will send it as it is … (Elvira, ie incomplete assignment

Question 11

1. necesito TÍTULO de formación profesional
2. pero tal y como está la situación actualmente (idea of just as or just like ie the way that things are) (actualmente not being used as adverb = at present, but word on own + ,)
3. Gracias a ello RETOMÉ mis estudios

Answer 11

I need a vocational training QUALIFICATION
2. but THAT IS THE WAY the situation is THESE DAYS (explain use of tal y como)(explain these days)
3. Thanks to that I PICKED UP AGAIN my studies (as in resume)

Question 12

1. Mi madre me regañó y lo RECAPACITÉ (recapacitar)
2. Ella me convenció ALEGANDO que era imposible
3. trajando con CONTRATOS precarios y EVENTUALES (contrato as in contracts, contratar = to hire s.o) (eventual usual = sporadic, occassional, hence casual re job)
4. titularse v licenciarse
5. No estuvo mal el día DENTRO DE LO QUE CABE

Answer 12

1. My mother told me off and I RECONSIDERED it (as in to think again)
2. She convinced me CLAIMING that it was impossible
3. working precarious and CASUAL jobs (explain jobs) (explain why word means casual re jobs)
4. to graduate (eg vocational educ) cf university
5. It wasn’t a bad day ALL THINGS CONSIDERED (or AS FAR AS IT GOES) (Cristina)

Question 13

1. Te ha pasado eso por ser tonto.
2. Se fue la luz a causa de la tormenta. (irse la luz) (a causa de + N,pronoun only. NO a causa de QUE vb)
3. Nos quedamos sin vacaciones por no haber reservado hotel (quedarse sin, idea of losing s.th or not being able to do s.th)
4. El profesor me felicitó por ser el primero EN entregar el trabajo
5. Lee tanto que se va a quedar sin vista (vb + tanto + que + consequence ie like porque)(Not comparison)

Answer 13

1. That happened to you FOR being a fool.
2. The lights went out BECAUSE of the storm. (vb, to be a blackout) (what was my mistake?)
3. WE WENT WITHOUT holidays FOR not having booked [a] hotel. (explain vb, tp run out of)
4. The teacher congratulated more FOR being the first to HAND IN the work (not the vb to hand in, in this context)
5. He reads SO MUCH that he’s going TO LOSE his sight. (Cristina taught structure) (why que not como)